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¡@¡@¡]3¡^»{ª¾¤Wªº¶W¶V¡]epistemological transcendence¡^¢w¢w¤W«Òªº¥»©Ê¤Î§@¬°¶W¶V©ó§Ú­Ìªº¤@¯ë²z¸Ñ¤Î»{ª¾¡A¸t¸g¤¤ªº¤W«Ò¬O§¹¥þ¬Û²§©ó§Ú­Ì¾Ì©v±Ð¸gÅç¤Î¤å¤Æ«ä·Q¬°¾ÌÂǦӫغc¥X¨Óªº¤W«Ò¡A¥j¨å¯«¾Ç½×­z¤W«Ò¬O¤@­Ó¦ÛÁôªº¤W«Ò¡]Deus absconditus¡^¡A¤W«Ò¤§²`Âã¶W¶V§Ú­Ìªº²z¸Ñ¯à¤O¡A¥H­P·í¤W«Ò¦bû£¥Ü¦Û¤v®É¤]¥²¦P®É¦bÁôÂæۤv¡]"Deus revelatus atque absconditus¡^¡A[23] ³o¤]¬O¦bªí¹F¤W«Ò¦b»{ª¾¤Wªº¶W¶V¡C[24]

¡@¡@¡]4¡^¨¥»¡¤Wªº¶W¶V¡]linguistic transcendence¡^¢w¢w³o¤@ºØ¤W«Òªº¶W¶V¬OºòÀHµÛ¤W­z»{ª¾¤Wªº¶W¶V¦Ó¨Óªº¡C¬JµM¤W«Òªº¥»©Ê¤Î§@¬°¬O¶W¶V©ó§Ú­Ìªº¤@¯ë²z¸Ñ¤Î»{ª¾¡A·í§Ú­Ì¹Á¸Õ¥¿­±¦a¥h¨¥»¡¤W«Òªº®É­Ô¡A¥²µM·|µo²{§Ú­Ìªº»y¨¥¤£¨¬¥H§â¤W«Òªº¥»©Ê¥R¤À¤Î <p.52> §¹¾ã¦aªí¹F¥X¨Ó¡C¦]¦¹¡A¹ï¤W«Òªº¨¥»¡¥²¶·¬OÅGÃÒªº¡A©Î¬O¡§­t­±ªº¸ô¡¨¡]via negativa¡^¡C¦³Ãö¤W«Òªº¶ø¯µ¡A¬OÃø¥H¨¥¶Ç¡AÃø¥H²M·¡½×ÃÒ¡]ineffability¡^¡C

¡@¡@¡]5¡^¹D¼w¤Wªº¶W¶V¡]moral transcendence¡^¢w¢w¤W«Òªº¹D¼w§¹¬ü§¹¥þ¶W¶V©ó©Î§¹¥þ¤£¦P©ó¤H¶¡ªº¹D¼w§¹¬ü¡C¸t¸g»¡¡§¤W«Ò´N¬O·R¡¨¡]¡m¸t¸g¡E¬ù¿«¤@®Ñ¡n4³¹8¸`¡^¡A¦ý¤W«Òªº·R¬O¶W¶V©ó¤H¶¡¤@¤Áªº·R¡F¦]¬°¤H¥»©Êªº­­¨î¡A¥§¥¬º¸»{¬°§¹¬üªº·R¹ï©ó¥ô¦ó¤H¨Ó»¡³£¬O¤@­Ó¡§¤£¥i¯àªº¥i¯à©Ê¡¨¡]impossible possibility¡^¡C[25] ¦Û¥Ñ¥D¸q¯«¾Çµø­C¿q¬°¤@­Ó§¹¬üªº¹D¼w·¢¼Ò¡A§Ú­Ì²{¦b®Äªk­C¿q¡A²×©ó¦³¤@¤Ñ¥i¥H¿²©ó­C¿qªº¹D¼w§¹¬ü¡F¦]¦¹¡A­C¿qªº¹D¼w¦¨´N»P§Ú­Ì²{¦bªº¹D¼w¦¨´N¥u¬O¶qªº®t§O¡A¦Ó«D½èªº®t§O¡C¥§¥¬º¸¤Ï¹ï¦¹»¡¡A»{¬°¤H©Êªº¹D¼w­­¨î¤£¯à¨Ï§Ú­Ì¦³¦p¦¹¦Û«H¡A¦]¦¹¥L»{¬°­Y­n®Äªk°ò·þ¡A°ò·þªº§¹¬ü¤£³æ¬O§Ú­Ìªº¬ß±æ¡A¤]¬O§Ú­Ìªºµ´±æ¡A§Ú­Ì¥Ã¤£¯à¿²©ó°ò·þªº¹D¼w§¹¬ü¡C[26] ¤W«Ò¬O¼f§PªÌ¡A§Ú­Ìªº¥ô¦ó¹D¼w¦¨´N³£·|¨ü¨ì¤@­Ó§ó§¹¬üªºµ½©Ò§å§P¡A¦]¦¹®¬¸o¬O¥¿½Tªº¹D¼w¥Í¬¡¤§ªù¡C[27]

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[1] 94President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, Splicing Life: The Social and Ethical Issues of Genetic Engineering with Human Beings (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1982), pp.53-60; Ted Peters, Playing God? Genetic Determinism and Human Freedom (New York and London: Routledge, 1997), pp.10-11; Ted Peters, ed., Genetics: Issues of Social Justice (Cleveland: Pilgrim Press, 1998), p.29.
[2] ¡§§A­Ì¦p¤µ­nª¾¹D¡G§Ú¡A±©¦³§Ú¬O¯«¡A¦b§Ú¥H¥~¨ÃµL§O¯«¡C§Ú¨Ï¤H¦º¡A§Ú¨Ï¤H¬¡¡F§Ú·l¶Ë¡A§Ú¤]Âåªv¡A¨ÃµL¤H¯à±q§Ú¤â¤¤±Ï¥X¨Ó¡C¡¨¡m¸t¸g¡P¥Ó©R°O¡n32³¹39¸`¡C
[3] John Broome, "Selecting People Randomly, " Ethics vol.95, no.1 (1984): 52; William Grey, ¡§Playing God,¡¨ in Ruth Chadwick, ed., Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics (San Diego: Academic Press, 1998), vol. 3, p.525.
[4] The Christian Institute, "The Jodie and Mary Twins Tragedy: Judges Must Not Play God," http://www.christian.org.hk/PressRelease210900.html.
[5] Leroy G. Augenstein, Come, Let Us Play God (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); C.A. Frazier, ed., Should Doctors Play God? (Nashville: Broadman, 1971); Robert Marion, Learning to Play God: the Coming of Age of a Young Doctor (New York: Fawcett Book Group, 193); R.C. Sproul, Playing God: Dissecting Biomedical Ethics and Manipulating the Body (New York: Avon Books, 1997).
[6] John Herman Randall, "The Wrong and the Bad," The Journal of Philosophy, (1954): 773.
[7] John F. Kilner, "Health-care Resources, Allocation of, II. Microallocation," in Warren Thomas Reich, ed., Encyclopedia of Bioethics, rev. ed. (New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan, 1995), p.1077.
[8] Ted Howard and Jeremy Rifkin, Who Should Play God? : The Artificial Creation of Life and What It Means for the Future of the Human Race (New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1977); June Goodfield, Play God: Genetic Engineering and the Manipulation of Life (New York: Harper & Row, 1977); Patrick Dixon, The Genetic Revolution (Eastbourne: Kingsway Publication, 1993), pp.26, 182; ¦¹¥~°ÑRonald Cole-Turner, The New Genesis: Theology and the Genetic Revolution (Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1993), pp.44-45; Robert Wachbroit, "Genetic Engineering: Human Genetic Engineering," in Reich, Encyclopedia of Bioethics, p.939; Nanette Newell, "Biotechnology," in Reich, Encyclopedia of Bioethics, p.283; Rebecca S. Eisenberg, "Patenting Organisms," in Reich, Encyclopedia of Bioethics, p.1912; Ted Peters, Playing God, pp.11-13.
[9] President's Commission, Splicing Life, pp.58-59.
[10] Paul Ramsey, Fabricated Man: The Ethics of Genetic Control (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970), p.90; Clare Randall et al., "Letter from Three General Secretaries," reprinted in President's Commission, Splicing Life, pp.95-96; ¦¹¥~°ÑJonathan Glover, What Sort of People Should There Be? Genetic Engineering, Brain Control and their Impact on our Future World (Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1984), pp.46-47; James G. Lennox, "Nature," in Reich, Encyclopedia of Bioethics, p.1816; Richard A. Schweder, "Genetics and Human Behavior, II. Philosophical and Ethical Issues," in Reich, Encyclopedia of Bioethics, p.957; Ted Peters, Playing God?, p.11.
[11] ¦pHoward and Rifkin, Who Should Play God?; Ted Peters, "'Playing God' and Germline Intervention," The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 20:4 (1995): 365-86; Ted Peters, Playing God? Genetic Determinism and Human Freedom; Bruce R. Reichenbach and V. Elving Anderson, On Behalf of God: A Christian Ethics for Biology (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995); James J. Walter, "'Playing God' or Properly Exercising Human Responsibility? Some Theological Reflections on Human Germ-Line Therapy," New Theology Review 10(1997): 39-59.
[12] Charles L. Mee, Playing God: Seven Fateful Moments when Great Men Met to Change the World (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993).
[13] Santogrossi Ansgar, "Scotus's Method in Ethic: Not to Play God ¡V A Reply to Thomas Shannon," Theological Studies, vol.55, no.2(1994): 314-28.
[14] Augenstein, Come, Let Us Play God; Marion, Learning to Play God; Mee, Playing God; Reichenbach and Anderson, On Behalf of God; Jean deBlois et al., A Primer for Health Care Ethics: Essays for a Pluralistic Society (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1994), pp.66-68¡FJoseph Fletcher, The Ethics of Genetic Control: Ending Reproductive Roulette (Gareden City, New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1974), pp.126-128.
[15] Ramsey, Fabricated Man, pp.138-143.
[16] Paul Ramsey, The Patient as Person: Explorations in Medical Ethics (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970), pp.256, 258.
[17] Edmund L. Erde, "Studies in the Explanation of Issues in Biomedical Ethics: (II) On 'On Playing God,' etcs.," The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, vol.14, no.6(1989): 593-615;William Grey, "Playing God."
[18] ùªÃ²»¡A¡q½×¤W«Òªº¶W¶V¢w¢w­Ý½×·s¾§®a¹ï°ò·þ©v±Ðªº§åµû¡r¡A¸ü¨ô·s¥­¥D½s¡A¡m°ò·þ©v±Ð¬ã¨s¡n²Ä¤G¿è¡AªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¤åÄm¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥_¨Ê¡A2000¡A²Ä37-52­¶¡C
[19] Emil Brunner, The Christian Doctrine of God, volume I of Dogmatics, translated by Olive Wyon (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1950), p.176.
[20] H.P. Owen, Concepts of Deity (London: Macmillan, 1971), p.35.
[21] Karl Barth, The Epistle to the Romans, translated from the 6th ed. by Edwyn C. Hoskyns (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1933), pp.99, 330-331.
[22] Barth, The Epistle to the Romans, p.10.
[23] John Macquarrie, "Deus Absconditus," in Alan Richardson and John Bowden, ed., The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Theology (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1983), p.155.
[24] Owen, Concepts of Deity, pp.36-37.
[25] Reinhold Niebuhr, An Interpretation of Christian Ethics (New York: Seabury Press, 1935, reprinted in 1979), pp.71-72.
[26] Niebuhr, An Interpretation of Christian Ethics, pp.72-73.
[27] Niebuhr, An Interpretation of Christian Ethics, p.134.
[28] Niebuhr, An Interpretation of Christian Ethics, pp.76-80.
[29] Niebuhr, An Interpretation of Christian Ethics, pp.82-83.
[30] Weinandy ¦b³o¤è­±¸ÑÄÀ±o¯S§Oºë­n¡A¨£Thomas G. Weinandy, Does God Suffer? (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2000), pp.83-112.
[31] §â¤W«Òªº¶W¶V»P¤Hªº©w­­¬Û´£¨Ã½×¡A¨Ã«Dµ§ªÌ¤§­º³Ð¡A°Ñ Edward Farley, The Transcendence of God: A Study in Contemporary Philosophical Theology (London: Epworth Press, 1958), pp.193-202¡A¦ýµ§ªÌªºªí¹F¤è¦¡«o»PFarley¬Û²§¡]¦ý«o«D§¹¥þªº¬Û²§¡^¡C
[32] °ÑùªÃ²»¡A¡q¤H¥ÍÆ[¡G°ò·þ±ÐÆ[ÂI¡r¦¬©ó¦ó¥úº­¥D½s¡A¡m¹ï¸Ü¡G¾§ÄÀ¹D»P°ò·þ±Ð¡n¡AªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¤åÄm¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥_¨Ê¡A1998¡A²Ä482¡ã486­¶¡C
[33] ¦b·í¥N¯«¾Ç¤¤¹ï³o¨â©v¸o°Q½×¸û¸ÔºÉªº¥i¥H¨£Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics, Volume IV, The Doctrine of Reconciliation, Part 1, trans. G. W. Bromiley (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1956), pp.413-467; Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics, Volume IV, The Doctrine of Reconciliation, Part 2, trans. G. W. Bromiley (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1958), pp.403-478.
[34] °ÑG.C. Berkouwer, Studies in Dogmatics: The Providence of God (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1952).
[35] §B§J¤Ò¡]Louis Berkhof¡^¦b¨ä¡m¨t²Î¯«¾Ç¡n¤¤³o¼Ë¸ÑÄÀ³o±Ð¸q¡G¡§§Ú­Ì¥²¶·°¨¤Wª`·N³o±Ð¸q¥]¬A¤F¥H¤U¨âÂI¡G1¡B¦ÛµM¯à¤O¨Ã¤£®É¥ú¾aµÛ¦Û¤v¤º¦bªº¯à¤O¨Ó¦æ¨Æ¡A¬Û¤Ï¡A¯«¦b³Q³yª«ªº¥ô¦ó¤@Á|¤@°Ê¤¤³£ª½±µ¤u§@¡C¬°¤F­n¹ï§Ü¦ÛµM¯«½×ªº½×ÂI¡A§Ú­Ì¥²¶·°í«ù³o¬Ýªk¡C2¡B¦¸¦]¡]second cause¡^¬O¯u¹ê¦³¨ä¨Æªº¡A§Ú­Ì¤d¸U¤£¥i§â¤Æ¸Ñ¦¨¯«ªº¤u§@ªº¯à¤O¦Ó¤w¡C°²­Y¦¸¦]¤£¬O¯u¹ê¦³¨ä¨Æ¡A§Ú­Ì«K¤£¯à¥¿·í¦a»¡¦¸¦]»Pªì¦]¡]first cause¡^¬O¦P®É¹B§@¤Î¤¬¬Û¦X§@ªº¤F¡C¬°¤F­n¹ï§Üªx¯«½×©Ò»¡¯«¬O¥@¤W°ß¤@ªº¤u§@ªÌ³o½×½Õ¡A§Ú­Ì¥²¶·­n±j½Õ³o½×ÂI¡C¡¨Louis Berkhof, Systematic Theology (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1969), pp.171-172; µ§ªÌ¤¤Ä¶¡C
[36] ¼B­z¥ý¡A¡q·í¥N·s¾§®a¥i¦V°ò·þ±Ð¾Ç¨Ç¬Æ»ò¡r¡m¤j³°»P®ü¥~¡n¡A¤¹±á¤å¤Æ¡A¥x¥_¡A1989¡A²Ä260­¶¡F¡§½×©v±Ðªº¶W¶V©M¤º¦b¡¨¡m21¥@¬ö¡n¡A1998¦~12¤ë¸¹¡A²Ä106­¶¡C
[37] ¤W«ÒªºÁ{¦b©Î¦P¦b¨Ã¤£µ¥¦P©ó¤W«Òªº¤º¦b¡A¸Ô¨£¤U¤åªº¤U¤@¤j¬q¡C
[38] ¤W«ÒªºÁ{¦b»P¤W«Òªº¶W¶V¤£³æ¨S¦³¥Ù¬Þ½Ä¬ð¡A¦Ó¥B¬O¬Û»²¬Û¦¨¡A¬Û±o¯q¹ü¡C °ÑWeinandy, Does God Suffer?¡FùªÃ²»¡A¡q¤W«Òªº¶W¶V»PÁ{¦b¢w¢w¯«¤H¤§»Ú»P¤Ñ¤HÃö«Y¡r¡A¦¬©ó¦ó¥úº­¥D½s¡A¡m¹ï¸Ü¡G¾§ÄÀ¹D»P°ò·þ±ÐÄò¶°¡n¡AªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¤åÄm¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥_¨Ê¡A2001¡C
[39] ­­©ó½g´T¡Aµ§ªÌ»P¥»¤åµLªk¤Þ¸g¾Ú¨å¸ÔºÉ¤ÀªR·í¥N®ü¥~·s¾§®aªº©v±Ð«ä·Q¡A¸Ô¨£Ã¹ªÃ²»¡A¡q¤W«Òªº¶W¶V»PÁ{¦b¢w¢w¯«¤H¤§»Ú»P¤Ñ¤HÃö«Y¡r¡C
[40] ¾|¹D¤Ò¡P¶ø¦«µÛ¡A¡m½×¡§¯«¸t¡¨¡n¡A¥|¤t¤H¥Á¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¦¨³£¡A1995¦~¡A²Ä31¡A33­¶¡C­ð§g¼Ý»P¦È©v¤T¦h¦¸¹Á¸Õ½×ÃÒ¬°¦ó³o¤Ñ¬O¤@­Ó¶W¶Vªº¤Ñ¡A¦ý³o¨Ç½×ÃÒ³»¦h¥u¯à¤ä«ù¡§¤Ñ¬O¶W¶V©ó§Ú¤@¤vªº¤Ñ¡¨³o·L®z½×ÂI¡A¦Ó¤£¯à¤ä«ù¡§¤Ñ¬O¶W¶V©ó¥þ¤HÃþ¡¨³o§ó±j½×ÂI¡C´«¨¥¤§¡A·í­ð§g¼Ý»P¦È©v¤T°í«ù¾§®aªº¤Ñ¬O¤@¡§¶W¶VªÌ¡¨®É¡A³o­Ó·N¸qªº¡§¶W¶VªÌ¡¨»PµS¤Ó±Ð¡B°ò·þ±Ð©Ò¨¥ªº¶W¶Vªº¤W«Ò¡A¤Î¥ì´µÄõ±Ð©Ò¨¥ªº¶W¶Vªº¦w©Ô¡A®Ú¥»¬O«D±`¤£¦P·N¸qªº¡§¶W¶V¡¨¡C¥Ñ©ó³o­Ó¡§¶W¶V¡¨ªºª[¸q¡A§Ú­Ì¤£À³¸Ó§â¾§®aªº¤Ñ»P¤W«Ò¤Î¦w©Ô¬Û´£¨Ã½×¡C©Ò¥H¡A·í­ð§g¼Ý»P¦È©v¤T§@¥X¡§¬J¶W¶V¤S¤º¦b¡¨¤Î¡§¥u¶W¶V¦Ó¤£¤º¦b¡¨³o§P±Ð®É¡A¥Ñ©ó¤å¦rªºÄY­«ª[¸q¡A³o§P±Ð¤]¯Ê¥F·N¸q¡C¦³¨Ç¾ÇªÌ»{¬°·s¾§®a°í«ù¤Ñ¬O¬J¶W¶V¤S¤º¦b³o½×ÂI¬O¦Û¬Û¥Ù¬Þªº¡F¤Ñ­Y¬O¤º¦b©ó¤H¡]¤Ñªº¦s¦³»P¤H¤ß©Êªº¦s¦³¬O¦P¤@¦s¦³¡^¡A¤Ñ«K¤£¥i¯à¶W¶V©ó¤H¡]¤Ñªº¦s¦³¬O¿W¥ß©ó¤H¤ß©Êªº¦s¦³¡^¡C´N°ò·þ±Ð¯«¾Çªº¥j¨å¤W«ÒÆ[¦Ó¨¥¡A¦P®ÉªÖ©w¤W«Òªº¶W¶V©ó¤H¤ÎÁ{¦b©ó¤H«o¨Ã«D¦Û¬Û¥Ù¬Þªº¡A¦]¬°¤W«ÒªºÁ{¦b©ó¤H¥u¬O·N¿×¤W«Ò»P¤H¦³¿Ë±K±µÄ²¡A¦ý¨Ã¤£·N¿×¤W«Òªº¦s¦³¬Oµ¥¦P©ó¤Hªº¦s¦³©Î¥]¬A¤F¤Hªº¦s¦³¡C
[41] ­ð§g¼Ý¡A¡m¤¤°ê¤å¤Æªººë¯«»ù­È¡n¡A¥¿¤¤®Ñ§½¡A¥x¥_¡A1953¡A²Ä338­¶¡F¼B­z¥ý¡A¡§½×©v±Ðªº¶W¶V©M¤º¦b¡¨¡A1998¡A²Ä 106­¶¡C
[42] ¦È©v¤T¡A¡m¤¤°ê­õ¾Çªº¯S½è¡n¡A¤H¥Í¥Xª©ªÀ¡A­»´ä¡A²Ä 38­¶¡C
[43] ¦È©v¤T¡A¡m¤¤°ê­õ¾Çªº¯S½è¡n¡A²Ä98­¶¡C
[44] ¦È©v¤T¡A¡m¤ßÅé»P©ÊÅé¡n¡A¥¿¤¤®Ñ§½¡A¥x¥_¡A²Ä6­¶¡C
[45] §ùºû©ú¡A¡q§º©ú¾§¾Çªº©v±Ð©Ê©M¤H»ÚÃö«Y¡r¡A¦¬©ó¤óµÛ¡m¾§®a«ä·Q¡G¥H³Ð³yÂà¤Æ¬°¦Û§Ú»{¦P¡n¡AªF¤j¡A¥x¥_¡A1997¡A²Ä 149­¶¡C
[46] §ùºû©ú¡A¡q§º©ú¾§¾Çªº©v±Ð©Ê©M¤H»ÚÃö«Y¡r¡A²Ä105­¶¡C
[47] §ùºû©ú¡A¡q§º©ú¾§¾Çªº©v±Ð©Ê©M¤H»ÚÃö«Y¡r¡A²Ä140¡A141¡A142­¶¡C
[48] ¨Ò¦pÁÂ¥ò©ú«K§â¤Ñ¤H¤@Å黡©ÒÄ­²[ªº¤H½×²M·¡³¯­z¥X¨Ó¡G¡§¤H³QªÖ©w¬°¤@¼ç¦bªºµL­­¦s¦³¡]¦Ü°ªµL¤Wªº¦s¦³¡^¡¨¡C¨£ÁÂ¥ò©ú¡A¡m¾§¾Ç»P²{¥N¥@¬É¡n¡A¾Ç¥Í®Ñ§½¡A¥x¥_¡A1986¡A²Ä100­¶¡C
[49] President's Commission, Splicing Life, p.59.
[50] Paul Ramsey, Fabricated Man, p.138.
[51] Paul Ramsey, Fabricated Man, p.142.
[52] Paul Ramsey, Fabricated Man, p.143.
[53] Allen Verhey, "'Playing God' and Invoking a Perspective," The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, vol.20, no.4, (1995): 348.
[54] Verhey, "'Playing God' and Invoking a Perspective," p.357.
[55] ¨£James F. Childress, "Metaphor and Analogy," in Reich ed., Encyclopedia of Bioethics, p.1769.
[56] David F. Noble, The Religion of Technology: The Divinity of Man and the Spirit of Invention (New York: Alfred A. Knoff, 1997), pp.68-100. ¬ü°ê´¶ªL´µ¹y¤j¾Ç¥Íª«¾Ç±Ð±ÂLee Silver¦b¨ä·sµÛ¤¤¡A®Ñ¦W§óºX¼mÂA©ú¦aÃD¬°¡m­««Ø¥ì¨l¶é¡n: Lee Silver, Remaking Eden: Cloning and Beyond in a Brave New World (New York: Avon Books, 1997). ¥xÆWªº¤¤Ä¶¥»®Ñ¦W«o¥h°£¤F­ì®Ñ¦Wªº©v±Ð¦â±m¡G§õ¡P§Æº¸¦òµÛ¡A§õ¤d¼Ý¡B²ø¦w¸RĶ¡A¡m½Æ»s¤§Á¼¡G©Ê¡B¿ò¶Ç©M°ò¦]¦A³y¡n¡A®É³ø¤å¤Æ¡A¥x¥_¡A1997¡C
[57] Mary Midgley, Science as Salvation: A Modern Myth and Its Meaning (London: Routledge, 1992), ¤×¨ä¬O²Ä5³¹¡C
[58] ¡§¨È·í©Ò¥Çªº¸o¿UµÛ¤F¯«¹ï¥þ¤HÃþªº¾_«ã¤õµK¡A¥i¨£³o¸oªº©Ê½è¤£¬O¤@©v»´·Lªº¹L¥¢¡A¤D¬O¤@©vÄY­«¦Ó¥i´cªº¸o¦æ¡A¥H­P¾D¨ü³o»ò³o»òÄY¼FªºÃg»@¡C¤@¯ë¤H¹ï©ñÁa­¹¼¤ªº·N¨£«D±`¥®¸X¡A§Ï©»¤@¤Á¹D¼w³£¦b©ó¸T¦Y¬Y¤@ºØªG¹ê¡A¡K¡K©Ò¥H§Ú­Ì¥²¶·¦A¶i¤@¨BÆ[¹î¡A¦]¬°¸T¤î¦Y¤À§Oµ½´c¾ðªºªG¤l¡A¤£¹L¬OªA±qªº´úÅç¡A¬Ý¨È·í¬O¤£¬OÄ@·NªA±q¤W«Òªº¬ù§ô¡C³o§h©Jªº¥Øªº¡A¥Ñ¾ðªº¦WºÙ¤]ªí¥Ü¥X¨Ó¤F¡A¤D¬O¥s¥Lº¡¨¬²{ª¬¡A¤£­n¦A¦]¦n¤j³ß°ª¦Ó¥Ç¸o¡C¡K¡K¶ø¥j´µ¤B»{¬°Åº¶Æ¬O¸U´c¤§­ºªº³o¨£¸Ñ¬O«Ü¹ïªº¡A¦]¬°¤H­Y¤£¦]³¥¤ß¦ÓÁx¤j¦k¬°¡AºÉ¥i¥HÄ~Äò«O«ù¥L­ì¨Óªº¦a¦ì¡C¡K¡K¤H¤´µM¤£¥H³Q«ö·Ó¤W«Òªº§Î¶H©Ò³y¬°º¡¨¬¡AÁÙ·Q­n»P¥L¥­µ¥¡A³o¬O³Ì¤jªº¤£·q¡C¡¨ ¬ù¿«¡P¥[º¸¤åµÛ¡A®}¼yÅAĶ¡A¡m°ò·þ±Ð­n¸q¡n¡A¤W¥U¡A­»´ä¡A°ò·þ±Ð¤åÃÀ¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1955¦~¡A­¶155-156¡C
[59] ¦pSilver, Remaking Eden, pp.233-235.
[60] ´£¥X³oºØ¹w´úªº¾ÇªÌ«Ü¦h¡Aµ§ªÌ³Ì¦­©Ò¨£ªº¬O¡m¤½¤¸¤G¤d¦~¤jÁͶաn(John Naisbitt and Patricia Aburdene, Megatrends 2000: Ten Directions for the 1990's (New York: William Morrow, 1990), pp.241-269.
[61] LeRoy Walters, "Human Genetic Intervention and the Theologians: Cosmic Theology and Casuistic Analysis," in Lisa Sowle Cahill and James F. Childress, ed., Christian Ethics: Problems and Prospects (Cleveland: Pilgrim Press, 1996), p.243; James J. Walter, "Theological Issues in Genetics," Theological Studies 60(1999): 125.
[62] ¡m¼C¹´ÂåÀø­Û²z¾Ç©u¥Z¡n©ó2000¦~¦³¤@´Á¥DÃD°Q½×³o¤è­±ªº°ÝÃD¡A¨£Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 9:3 (2000): 299-380.
[63] John Passmore, The Perfectibility of Man (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1970), pp.186-89; Noble, The Religion of Technology, pp.172-200.
[64] Noble, The Religion of Technology, p.187; Ramsey, Fabricated Man, pp.144, 152, 159-60. ©ó1939¦~²Ä7©¡°ê»Ú¿ò¶Ç¾Ç·|ij¤¤¡AMuller»P¨ä¥L22¦ì³Ç¥Xªº¿ò¶Ç¾ÇªÌµoªí¤F¤@½g«á¨Ó³QºÙ¬°¡m¿ò¶Ç¾ÇªÌ«Å¨¥¡nªº¥ß³õ®Ñ¡A©óµ²½×³¡¤À¥L­Ì»¡¡G"A more widespread understanding of biological principles will bring with it the realization that much more than the prevention of genetic deterioration is to be sought for, and that the raising of the level of the average of the population nearly to that of the highest now existing in isolated individuals, in regard to physical well-being, intelligence and temperamental qualities, is an achievement that would ¡V so far as purely genetic considerations are concerned -- be physically possible within a comparatively small number of generations. Thus everyone might look upon ¡¥genius¡¦, combined of course with stability, as his birthright. " ©ó¥þ¤åªº³Ì«á¤@¥y¥L­Ì§ó¼ÖÆ[¦a¹w¨¥¤Hªº¦Û§Ú¬@±Ï¡G"and all steps along the way will represent a gain, not only for the possibilities of the ultimate genetic improvement of man, to a degree seldom dreamed of hitherto, but at the same time, more directly, for human mastery over those more immediatel evils which are so threatening our modern civilization. " "Social Biology and Population Improvement, " Nature, volume 144, no. 3646 (September 16, 1939): 522. °ÑLeRoy Walters and Julie Gage Palmer, The Ethics of Human Gene Therapy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp.108-109.
[65] Passmore, The Perfectibility of Man, p.187.
[66] ¡§Man as manipulator is too much of a god; as object, too much of a machine.¡¨ Âà¤Þ¦ÛRamsey, Fabricated Man, p.103.
[67] Noble, The Religion of Technology, p.200.
[68] ³oºØÀu¥Í¥H¿²§¹¬üªº«ä·QÁö¥¼¦¨¬°·í¤µªÀ·|ªº¥D¬y¡A¦ýªº½T¦s¦b¡A°ÑGlenn McGee, The Perfect Baby: A Pragmatic Approach to Genetics (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 1997), pp.29-30¡F¦b¤¬Ápºôªº¥@¬É§ó®e©ö§ä¨ì¥¦ªºÂܼv¡]¦pwww.eugenics.net¡^¡C
[69] ¦pGilbert Meilaender, Bioethics: A Primer for Christians (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996), p.42.
[70] Silver, Remaking Eden, pp.237-238.
[71] Silver, Remaking Eden, p.4. ¦]¦¹¡A§Æº¸¦ò¹w¨¥¡A ¡§¦bµu´Á¤º¡A¤j³¡¤Àªº°ò¦]¼W±j±N¦h¥b¸¨¹ê¦b¤ñ¸û¹ê»Úªº¥Î³~¤W¡F¥L­Ì±N³Q¥Î¨ÓªvÀø­P©Rªº¿ò¶Ç©Ê¯e¯f¡A©Î»´·L§ïµ½¬Y¨ÇÅé¯à¤Î´¼¯à¡C¥i¬O¦b¥¼¨Ó¨â­Ó¥@¬ö¤¤¡A¦U¦¡¦U¼Ëªº·s°ò¦]¡A±N¥H·¥°ªªº³t«×ÂX¥R¤HÃþªº°ò¦]²Õ¡A¡K.¹ï©ó¨º¨Ç¦³ÁʶR¯à¤Oªº¤÷¥À¨Ó»¡¡A¥H«e·Q¹³¤£¨ìªº°ò¦]ÂX¥R¡A¦b¥¼¨Ó±N·|¬O¤£¥i©Î¯Ê¡C¡¨¨£Silver, Remaking Eden, pp.238-239,µ§ªÌ¤¤Ä¶¡C
[72] Silver, Remaking Eden, pp.4-7, 246.
[73] Silver, Remaking Eden, p.249.
[74] Silver, Remaking Eden, p.250.
[75] §Æº¸¦ò§ó¤Þ¥Î¸t¸g³Ð¥@°O3³¹5¸`¡A·t¥Ü¤H±N·|¶i¤Æ¬°¤W«Ò¡CSilver, Remaking Eden, p.197.
[76] William Day, Genesis on Planet Earth: The Search for Life¡¦s Beginning (East Lansing, Michigan: House of Talos, 1979), pp.390-392.
[77] Mary Midgley, Evolution as a Religion: Strange Hopes and Strange Fears (London: Methuen, 1985), pp.51-52, 57-58.
[78] Thomas H. Murray, The Worth of a Child (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1996), pp.115-141; Chadwick, Ethics, Reproduction and Genetic Control, pp.93-135; McGee, The Perfect Baby, pp.26-31.
[79] Chadwick, Ethics, Reproduction and Genetic Control, p.97.
[80] Robert H. Blank, Regulating Reproduction (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990), pp.60-61.
[81] °ÑSilver, Remaking Eden, pp.160-161; www.eugenics.net/papers/eb3.html¡C¥Ñ©ó¸Ó¥Í´Þ¿ï¾Ü®wªº¦ÑÁóRobert K. Graham©ó1997¦~¯f³u¡A¸Ó¥Í´Þ¿ï¾Ü®w¤]ÀH¤§Ãöªù¡C¦ý¨ä¥L¡§¤Ñ¤~ºë¤l®w¡¨ªº¸ê®Æ¡A¦b¤¬Ápºô¤W«Ü®e©ö«K¥i§ä¨ì¡]°Ñwww.geniusspermbank.com¡^¡C
[82] John A. Robertson, Children of Choice: Freedom and the New Reproductive Technologies (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1994).
[83] ¦b¦¹¤§«e¡A¦w¼Ö¦º©ó²üÄõ¬O¥b¦Xªkªº¡]¥Çªk¡A¦ý¤£¤©°_¶D¡^¡C¦w¼Ö¦º©ó¥þ¬ü°ê¬Ò¤£¦Xªk¡A¦ýÂå¥Í¨ó§U¯f¤H¦Û±þ«h©ó¶ø§Q±^¤@¦{¬°¦Xªk¡C
[84] John Griffiths et al., Euthanasia & Law in the Netherlands (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1998), pp.329-40.
[85] ¨£²ö¨¥¡A¡m²ö¨¥¤å¶°1¡G¬õ°ª±ç¡n¡A§@®a¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¥_¨Ê¡A1995¡A²Ä35­¶¡C
[86] Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics, vol. III, The Doctrine of Creation, Part 4, ed. G.W. Bromiley and T.F. Torrance (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1961), p.412.
[87] ·í¥NÃÙ¦¨¦ÛÄ@¦w¼Ö¦º¤ÎÂå¥Í¨ó§U¯f¤H¦Û±þªº²³¦h½×ÃÒ¤¤¡A¨ä¤¤¤§¤@¬O¦Û¥D¡]autonomy¡^ªº½×ÃÒ¡F¦³¾ÇªÌ¬Æ¦Ü±N¤Hªº¥Í¦º¦Û¨MÅv«Ø¥ß¦b¤H¹ï¦Û¤v¥Í©Rªº¥DÅv¡]sovereignty¡^¤W¡C¦ý³o©úÅã¬O»P°ò·þ©v±Ðªº¥Í©RÆ[¡]¥DÅv¦b¯«¡AªvÅv¦b¤H¡^½Ä¬ð¡A¥i³Qµø¬°¤@­Ó·m¹Ü¤W«Ò¥DÅvªº¦æ¬°¡]°ÑBarth¡AChurch Dogmatics, III/4, pp.403-404¡^¡F´«¨¥¤§¡A³o¤]¬O§êºt¤W«Ò¡C¦]¬°½g´T¦³­­¡A¤£¯à¦b¦¹½×¤åµo´§¡C
[88] Lisa Sowle Cahill, "'Playing God': Religious Symbols in Public Places," The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, vol.20 no.4, (1995): 345-346.
[89] Erde, "Studies in the Explanation of Issues in Biomedical Ethics: (II) On 'On Playing God,' etc."; Grey, "Playing God," 1998.
[90] ±iø¯¡A¡q¤ò¿AªF¡§¤H·¥·NÃÑ¡¨ªº«ä·Q·½ÀY¡r¡A¡m©ú³ø¤ë¥Z¡n¡A1999¦~10¤ë¡A²Ä17­¶¡C
[91] ¦ó¯®Îº¡A¡q¦A½Í¡m¼e®e¦a¬Ý«Ý§J¶©§Þ³N¡n¡r¡A¦¬©óªL¥­½s¼¶¡A¡m§J¶©¾_¾Ù¡G½Æ»s¤@­Ó§A¡AÅý§A»â¦^®a¡H¡n¡A¸gÀÙ¤é³ø¡A¥_¨Ê¡A1997¡A²Ä9-10­¶¡C
[92] ´ö¤@¤¶¡A¡m¾§ÄÀ¹D»P¤º¦b¶W¶V°ÝÃD¡n¡A¦¿¦è¤H¥Á¥Xª©ªÀ¡A«n©÷¡A1991¡A²Ä11¡A50­¶¡C
[93] ´ö¤@¤¶¡A¡m¾§ÄÀ¹D»P¤º¦b¶W¶V°ÝÃD¡n¡A²Ä4¡A36¡A50­¶¡F¼B­z¥ý¡A¡q·í¥N·s¾§®a¥i¦V°ò·þ±Ð¾Ç¨Ç¬Æ»ò¡r¡A²Ä264­¶¡C
 
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