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¡§¤¤°ê¤å¤Æ¡¨©M¡§°ò·þ±Ð¡¨³o¨â­Óµü§¡©ñ¦b¤Þ¸¹ùØ¡A¦]¬°¨âªÌ³£»Ý­n¤p¤ß¬É©w¡A¤×¨ä¬O¤£¦P¦~¥N¡B¤¤¥~§@ªÌ³£¹ï³o¨â­Óµüªº·N¸q¦³¤£¦Pªº¹w³]¡C¹ï©ó¤¤°ê¾ÇªÌ¨Ó»¡¡A¡§¤¤°ê¤å¤Æ¡¨³q±`¦³ºë­^¥D¸qªº§t·N¡A©Ò«üªº¬O¦³¾ÇÃѪºµØ¤H¤Î¨ä³Ð§@¤§¤¤³Ì°ª©|¡B³Ì¨ü¤H´L·q¡A¥H¤Î¦b¬ü·P¤W³Ì°Q¤HÅw³ßªºªF¦è¡CÁöµMªÀ·|¾Ç®a©M¤HÃþ¾Ç®a¹ï¬ã¨s¤W­z°²³]¨ú±o¬Û·íªº¶i®i¡A¦ý³o­Óµü¨ÌµM±a¦³ºë­^¥D¸qªº°²³]·N¨ý¡A¦b¸ó¤å¤Æªº­õ¾Ç©M©v±Ð°Q½×¤è­±¤×¨ä¦p¦¹¡C¥t¤@¤è­±¡A´¶¹M¥Î¨Ó½Ķ­^¤å¡§Christianity¡¨ªº¤¤¤åµü»y¡§°ò·þ±Ð¡¨¡A³q±`¥u«ü·s±Ð¡]©Î¥_¼Ú¡^ªº°ò·þ±Ð²Õ´¡]¦bµØ¤H·s±Ð®{¥»¨­ªº©v±Ðµü·Jùؤרä±`¨£¡^¡A©Ò¥H»Ý­n­«·s©ú½T¬É©w¡A¤~¯à²[»\§ó´¶¹Mªº«ü¯A¹ï¶H¡A¥]§t°ê»Ú°ò·þ±Ð©v±Ð²Õ´¦h­«§Î¦¡ªº¶Ç²Î¡C³o­Ó°ÝÃD·N¸q²`»·¡AJordan Paper´N´¿¼¶¼g¤å³¹°Q½×·í¥N¥xÆW½×ªÌ¹ï¡§°ò·þ±Ð¡¨ªº·§¬AÆ[ÂI¡A«ü¥X¡§¦Ü¤Ö¦b¥xÆW¡A¤H­Ì¨Ã¤£§â¤Ñ¥D±Ð¥D¸q©M·s±Ð±Ð¥D¸q²z¸Ñ¬°¦P¤@­Ó©v±Ð¶Ç²ÎªºÅÜÅé¡C¤Ï¤§¡A¤H­Ì¥H¬°¨º¬O¨â­Ó§¹¥þ¤£¦Pªº©v±Ð¡A«eªÌ¬O¦h¯«½×¡A±j½Õ³±©Ê¯«¬éº¿§Q¨È¡A¦Ó«áªÌ«h¬O¤@¯«½×¡C¤Þ¦ÛJordan PaperµÛ¡AThe Spirit are Drunk: Comparative Approaches to Chinese Religion¤@®Ñ ¡]Albany: State University of New York, 1955¡^¡A­¶245¡C
¡@¡@½¾\·s¤¤°ê¦¨¥ß¥H«e³Ì­«­nªº¤¤¤å¶Ç±Ð¥Zª«¡m±Ð°ÈÂø»x¡n¡]Chinese Recorder, 1867¡Ð1941¡^¦³Ãöªº¤å³¹¡A«K¥i¥R¥÷¤ÞÃÒ¤¤¥~°ò·þ±Ð§@®a¦b°Q <p.429> ½×°ò·þ±Ð½Õ¾ã¤¤°ê¤å¤Æ®É¡A°Q½×¡§¾§®a¡¨ªº¤å³¹¦û¾Ú³Ì¤j³¡¤À¡C«D±`Ãþ¦üªº¨ú¦V¡A¥Ñ¤¤°ê¤j³°ÂàÅܤ¤ªº¤å¤Æ©M¬FªvÀô¹Ò­«·s¶ì³y¦Ó¦¨¡Aªí²{¦b­»´ä¥Xª©ªº´Á¥Z¡m´º­·¡n¡]Ching Feng, 1957¡Ð¡^ªº¤¤­^¤å¤å³¹¤W¨ÌµM¤Q¤À©úÅã¡C

[2] µM¦Ó¡AµØ¤H¤j¾E±p¤¤ªº¤@¨Ç¸sÅé¬O¦³°Ï§Oªº¡C§Ú´¿¸gÅ¥»¡¹L¯Ã¬ùÉ]¹O¥b¼ÆªºµØ¤H³£Äݩ󤣦P±Ð¬£ªº°ò·þ®{¡AÅã¥Ü¤¤°ê20¥@¬ö²{¥N¬Fªv©M¤å¤Æ­I´º¹ï©ó¶ì³y³o¨Ç¡§®ü¥~¡¨¥Á²³ªº¯S©Ê¬O¦³¼vÅTªº¡C1990¦~¥N¡A­»´ä¤]´¿µo¥Í¤j¾E²¾¡A§â¤@§å·sªºµØ¤H¯S©Ê±a¨ì·Å­ôµØ¡B¦h­Û¦hµ¥¥_¬ü¬w«°É]¡CÁöµM­^°ê¡B¬P¥[©Y¡B¿D¬w¡B¯Ã¦èÄõ¦b¦P¤@®É´Á¤]¦³¨Ó¦Û­»´äªºµØ¤H²¾¥Á¤j¶q´é¤J¡A¦ý³o¼Ë¹ï·í¦aªº¤H¤fÂàÅܦ³¦h¤Ö¼vÅT¡H§Ú²{®ÉÁÙ¤£±o¦Óª¾¡C­nª¾¹D³o¨Ç²¾¥Á¤¤«H©^°ò·þ±Ð¡B¹D±Ð¡B¦ò±Ð¡B¦^±Ð¡B¹D®aªº¦Ê¤À¤ñ¡A¤]¬O¬Û·í­«­n©M¦³½ìªº¡C
[3] ®Ú¾Ú¦U¶µ¬ã¨s¡A¥]¬A·í¥N¹D±Ð¬Fªv¦a¦ì°Q½×¦b¤ºªº¬ã¨s¡A¹D±ÐÁö´¶¹M»{¬°Äݩ󡧤¤°ê¤å¤Æ¡¨ªº¤@³¡¤À¡A¦ý«o¦b¬Y¨Ç¦a¤è³Q¦C¤J©v±Ð¤W¬Æ¤£¥i«Hªº¡§°g«H¡¨¤@Ãþ¡CJeffrey Meyer«ü¥X¡A¥xÆW¬F©²©x­ûÁö¥H¥¿­±©ú½TªººA«×¹ï«Ý¦ò±Ð¡B¥ì´µÄõ±Ð¡B°ò·þ±Ð¡A¦ý¹ï¹D±ÐªººA«×¡A´N¹³¬O±w¤W¤F¡§ºë¯«¤Àµõ¯g¡¨¤@¼Ë¡G¡§±Ð¨|·í§½¡]¦b½Ò¥»¤¤Åã¥Ü¥X¨Ó¡^«Ü¦ÛµM§â¹D®a©M¹D±Ð°Ï¤À¥X¨Ó¡A¹ï«eªÌªººA«×¤Q¤ÀÀǬN¡A¹ï«áªÌ«hÅãµMµ´¹ï­t­±¡C¡¨Meyer¼¶¼g³ø§i«áªº12¦~´Á¶¡¡A¥xÆW±Ð¨|¬Éªº³oºØ©x¤èºA«×¦³§_§ïÅܹL¨Ó¡A¹ê¦b­È±oª`·N¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦³½ìªº¬O¡ABartholomew Tsui¥çµo²{­»´ä¹D±Ð¾Ç·|¡]Hong Kong Taoists¡^¬°ÄݤU¾Ç®Õ·Ç³Æ±Ð§÷®É¡A§Y¨Ï¨S¦³¤W­zÃþ¦üªº©x¤è¬Fªv°¾¨£¡A¤´µM¨ü¨ì¦Û§Ú¼f¬dªº¼vÅT¡C¤¤°ê¤j³°¹D±Ð²Õ´Àò¼f§åªº¹D±Ð¬¡°Ê©M¹ÎÅé¥i¿×¦hºØ¦h¼Ë¡A¦ý§Y¨Ï¬O¹L¥h10¦~¤º¡A³o¨Ç¬¡°Ê¤]¤£¬O§¹¥þ¨S¦³¨ü¨ì­­¨îªº¡]®Ú¾ÚKenneth Deanªº¸ê®Æ¡^¡C¦Û1970¦~¥N¥½¡A­»´ä±Ä¨ú¤F¬Fªv¤W¼e®eªººA«×¥ß³õ¡A¨Ã¹ªÀy¦U©v±Ð¤§¶¡¶i¦æ¹ï¸Ü¡AÁöµM¦p¦¹¡APan-chiu Lai¤ÞÃÒ¥X³o¼Ë°µ¨ÌµMÃø¥H§ïÅܫܦhµØ¤H°ò·þ®{¹ï¤¤°ê©v±Ð¶Ç²Î¡]¥]¬A¹D±Ð¦b¤º¡^©Ò«ùªº­t­±ºA«×¡C¤¤°ê¤j³°ªº¥Zª«§óÅã¥Ü¥X¤@­ÓÄY­«ªº°ÝÃD¡GLi Yangzheng¤@¤è­±¥i¥H©ó1980¦~¥N©M1990¦~¥Nªì¡A´N°ê¤ºªº¹D±Ð²Õ´ªº¼sªxµo®i¦b¦h­Ó¥D­n«°É]¤½¶}ºt»¡¡A¦ý©x¤èªº©v±Ð¥Zª«©MªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¾ÇªÌµoªíªº©v±Ð¬ã¨s«oÄ~Äòµo¥Xĵ§i¡A§i»|¤H¥Á³oºØ¡§°g«H¡¨¬¡°Ê <p.430> ±a¨Óªºº×®`¡C
¡@¡@¥H¤W¤º®e¤Þ¦ÛJeffrey MeyerµÛ¡A¡§The Image of Religion in Taiwan Textbooks¡¨¡A¸üJournal of Chinese Religions 15 (1987¡^¡A­¶47¡F¥t¥i°Ñ¬ÝPan-chui LaiµÛ¡A¡§Hong Kong Christians¡¦ Attitudes towards Chinese Religions: A Critical Review¡¨¡A¸üStudies in World Christianity 5:1 (1990¡^¡A¯S§O¬O­¶20¡Ð25¡FBartholomew P. M. TsuiµÛ¡ATaoist Tradition and Changes: The Story of the Complete Perfection Sect in Hong Kong¡]Hong Kong: Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion and Culture, 1991¡^¡CKenneth Dean¦b¡§Revival of Religious Practices in Fujian: A Case Study¡¨¤@¤å¤¤¥½¬q½g´T´¿¹ï¦¹ªí¥ÜÃöª`¡A¦¹¤å¸üJulian F. Pas½s¡AThe Turning of the Tide: Religion in China Today (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1989¡^¡A­¶51¡Ð78 ¡C­n¹ý©³¤F¸Ñ¤¤°ê¤j³°¹D±Ðªº±¡ªp¡A°Ñ¬Ý§õ¾i¥¿µÛ¡A¡m·í¥N¤¤°ê¹D±Ð¡n¡]¥_¨Ê¡G¤¤°êªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¥Xª©¡A1993¡^¡C¦³Ãö©x¤èÁn©ú©MªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¾Ç³N¥Zª«Ä~Äò¥D±i°Ï¤À¡§¥D·F¡¨©Î¡§²z©Ê¤Æ¡¨©v±Ð©M°g«Hªº¨Ò¤l¡A°Ñ¬Ý§f¤j¦N¥D½s¡A¡m©v±Ð¾Ç³q½×¡n¡]¥_¨Ê¡G¤¤°êªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¥Xª©¡A1989¡A²Ä¤Gª©¡A1990¡^¡C¤Ï¬M¦P¼Ëªº©v±ÐÆ[ªº¸û¦­´Á¬ã¨sµÛ§@¡A¦³Ã¹¦Ë­·¥D½s¡A¡m¤¤°êªÀ·|¥D¸q®É´Áªº©v±Ð°ÝÃD¡n¡]¤W®ü¡GªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¥Xª©¡A1984¡^¡F¦¹®ÑªºÂ½Ä¶¥»¬O¥ÑDonald E. MacInnes©MZheng Xi'an©ÒĶ¡A¦W¬°Religion under Socialism in China (Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 1991)¡C²Ä¤G¥UµÛ§@¦]¬°ºØºØ­ì¦]¡AÅܱo¤Q¤À­«­n¡A¥H­P·í®ÉµÛ¦Wªº·s±Ð¥D±Ð¤B¥ú°V³£¬°³o­Ó­^¤åĶ¥»¼¶¼g§Ç¨¥¡C
[4] ÁöµMHenri Maspero¡BKristopher Schipper¡BIsabelle Robinetµ¥20¥@¬öµÛ¦Wªk°êº~¾Ç®a³£Àô¶¹D±Ð¶i¦æ¼ö¯P¬ã¨s¡A¦ý¥L­Ìµ´¤Ö°Q½×¨ì¹D±Ð»P°ò·þ±Ðªº¹ï¸Ü¡F¥L­Ìªº¬ã¨s¤j¦h¬O´y­z©Êªº¡A§Y¨Ï¼Ö·N­É¥Î ¡§ekklesia¡¨ ©M¡§¬@±Ï¡¨µ¥°ò·þ±Ðµü·J¨Ó«ü¯A¹D±Ð¸sÅé¤Î¨ä©v±Ð»ö¦¡ªº¥Øªº¡A¦ý«o¬O§â°Q½×¶°¤¤¦b¹D±Ð¶Ç²Îªº¤º¦b°ÝÃD¤W¡C¤é¥»©M¤¤°ê¦³«Ü¦hÃö©ó¹D±Ðªº¾Ç³N¬ã¨s¡A§Ú©Ò½¾\¹Lªº¤Ö³¡¤À¬ã¨s¤@¯ë³£¸òÀHÃþ¦üªº¼Ò¦¡¡C¥i¬O¡Aªñ¦~ªºÁͶնɦV§âµØ¤H©v±Ð²z¸Ñ¬°¤@ºØ¡§¤¤°ê©v±Ð¡¨¡A¦]¦¹¡A¸ûªñ´Áªº¡§¤¤°ê©v±Ð¡¨¬ã¨s¤¤¡A¦³¨ÇÅã¥Ü¤F¹D±Ð¡B¾§®a¡B¦ò±Ð¤§¶¡¤ñ¸û¼sªx¦Ó¥B§ó¥[¤¬°Ê¥æ¬yªº¹ï¸Ü¡A¦ý¬O¥u¦³·¥¤Ö¼Æªº¬ã¨s·|IJ¤Î¥H¤Uªº¸ÜÃD¡A§Y¹D±Ð©M°ò·þ±ÐªºÃö«Y¡CMichael Sasoªº¦®½ì¬Û·í¦³·N¸q¡A¦]¬°¥L¦³¤Ñ¥D±Ð­I´º¡A´¿±µ¨ü­C <p.431> ¿q·|¤hªº°ö°V¡A¦ÛºÙ¬O«H©^¹D±ÐªºHeavenly Master Sect¡C±q¾Ç³N¤è­±¦Ó¨¥¡A¥L¯S§Oºë©ó¸àÄÀ¹D±Ð¶Ç²Î¡A¬O¹D±Ð¶Ç²Î©M¤@¯ë¤¤°ê©v±Ðªº­«­n¸àÄÀªÌ¤§¤@¡C¥Ñ¦¹¡A«Ü®e©ö©ú¥Õ¥Lªº©v±Ð·NÃѬ°¦ó¨º»ò¼sªx¡A¥H¤Î¬°¦ó¯à¥ÙÀYª½«ü¤¤¥~°ò·þ®{ªº«H¥õ©M°²³]¡Aºë½T¦aÀÀ©w¥Lºë¯«¤Wªº¬D¾Ô¡C
[5]

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[6] ³oÃþµÛ§@ªº¼Æ¶q¤£¦h¡A¥¿¬O¦]¬°¼Æ¶q¤Ö©M¯À½è°Ñ®t¡A¤~¨ü¤Hª`·N¡C¦³¨Ç¬O¥H­^»y¼¶¼gªº¡A»P²{¥N¤¤°êªÀ·|¨S¦³ª½±µªºÃö«Y¡A§Ú­Ì¥u¦b³oùز¤²¤´£¤Î¤@¤U¡A¤£·|¦A§@²`¤J°Q½×¡C¦³¨ÇµÛ§@¯A¤Î¡§ªF¤è¥D¸q¡¨§á¦±ªº©úÅ㤸¯À¡A¦ý©Òªí¥Üªº¡A¥u¬O³o¨ÇµÛ§@¨Ó¦Û¥~Âǧ@ªÌªº¸àÄÀ°²³]¡A¦h©ó¨ä¥L¡C¦³Ãö³o¤è­±¡A¥i°ÑJoseph Loya©MJohn Mabry³o¤@ÃþªºµÛ§@¡A¥H¤ÎKnut Walf ¦³Ãö¡§¦è¤è¹D±Ð¡¨ªºµÛ§@¡C¦Ü©ó§ó²`¤J¿¦±KªºµÛ§@¡A¥i°Ñ¬ÝRobert Nevilleªº§@«~¡A¥LªºµÛ§@±q¤ñ¸û©v±Ðªº¨¤«×¤Ï«ä°ÝÃD¡A¤èªk½×ªº°ò¦¤Q¤À²Ï¹ê¡]³o¤@¥»µÛ§@³Ìªñ¦b¥_¨Ê¥X¤F¤¤¤åĶ¥»¡^¡A¥H¤Î¨â¦ì¤Ñ¥D±Ð®{§@®aAgnes Lee Chwen-Jiuan ©MThomas Hand¦XµÛªº¤Ö¦³µÛ§@¡C
[7]

James LeggeµÛ¡AThe Religions of China: Confucianism and Taoism Described and Compared with Christianity (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1880)¡A­¶164¡B168¡Ð170¦U³B¡C

[8] ³o¨Ã«D­n§_»{·|¦³¤@¨Ç¹³´ï¬ù¿«¡]John Chalmers¡^©M¡]J. J. M. de Groot¡^ªº¤H¡A¥L­Ì¬J¬O¶Ç±Ð¤h¤@¾¡A¤S·|²Ó½o¦a´y¼g¹D±Ð²ß«U©M©v±Ð»ö¦¡§@¬°°O¿ý¡C¥þ®M6¥Uªº°Q½×¡§¤¤°ê©v±Ð¡¨ªº§@«~¥Ñde Groot¥Xª©¡A¾ú®É±µªñ20¦~¡A¦Ü¤µ¤´µM¬O¤@³¡´y­z©Ê©M¦Ê¬ì¥þ®Ñ¦¡ªº­«­n§@«~¡C
[9] 1972¦~¡ADavid Liao³o¼Ë¼g¡G¡§°ò·þ±ÐIJ«ã¤F¥­¥Á¦Ê©m¡¨¦]¬°¡§±Ð·|±j¯P¤Ï¹ï¥ô¦ó§Î¦¡ªº°¸¹³±R«ô¡¨¡C«ê¦p©Ò®Æ¡A¥L¥çªÖ©w¡§²½¯ª¡¨¬O¡§±µ¯ÇºÖ­µªº³Ì¤j»Ùꡨ¡CµM¦Ó¡A¥L»{¬°³o¨Ç¡§±R«ô°¸¹³ªº¤H¡¨¬O¡§°ò·þ±ÐºÖ­µªºÂרU¤g¦a¡¨¡A©Ò¥H¥L»{¬°¡§·´·À°¸¹³¡¨»ö¦¡·|¹L©ó­t­±¡A¤£¯à®i²{¥X¡§±R«ô°ß¤@¯u¯«©Ò»Ýªº¨BÆJ¡¨ªº¥¿­±²z¸Ñ¡C°Ñ¦ÒDavid Chia-en LiaoµÛ¡A¡§Chinese Religion and Church Growth¡¨¡A¸üChing Feng 15: 8 (1972)¡A­¶174¡Ð175¡A³o½g¤å³¹©ó1971¦~¬î¤Ñ¦b­»´äºÖ­µ±Ð·|¡]Hong Kong Evangelical Missionary Fellowship¡^«ÅŪ¡C
¡@¡@<p.432> ¤­¦~«á¡AStainton´£¥X¤£¦Pªº¸ÑÄÀ¡A«ÅºÙ¶Ç±Ð¤h¬Ý¨£¶m§ø¥Í¬¡¤¤¦h¯«½×ªº»ö¦¡©M¯«¯µ²ß«U¡Aµø¤§¬°¡§¼»¥¹¨ü¹Å°ÃÅv¤OªºÄ_®y¡¨¡C¿Ø¨ëªº¬O¡A´¶³q¤H¦³®É·|»{¬°¶Ç±Ð¤hªºÂå³N¸ò¹D±Ð«H¥õ¦P¥X¤@¹ý¡A¦Ó¥L­Ì§@¬°¡§¬v°­¤l¡¨¡A¬O¦³¡§¤@¨Ç¥O¤HÃø¥H§Ü©Úªº¸Þ²§¯à¤O¡A¤Þ»â¤H¥Á¨«¶i±Ð°ó¡¨¡C¥L¸Ô²Ó´y­z¤F¤@­Ó°ÝÃD¡A´N¬O·í¦aªº°ò·þ®{ÁöµM¡§©Úµ´°Ñ»P¶Ç²Î©v±Ð¸`¥O¡¨¡A¦ý«o¤´µM·|°Ñ»P«D©v±Ðªº¬¡°Ê¡A¤Þ­P¦h¤è­±ªº¤£º¡¡C¸Ô±¡°Ñ¬ÝMichael StaintonµÛ¡A¡§Sources of 19th Century Chinese Opposition to the Missionaries and Christianity ¡V II¡¨¡A¸ü Ching Feng 20:4 (1977)¡A­¶245¡Ð246¡C
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[13] ³o¬O¶¾¤ÍÄõ¸àÄÀ³¢¶H¹ï¡m²ø¤l¡nªºµùÄÀ­«Âд£¥Xªº¥DÃD¤§¤@¡C¤ñ¸û³¢¶Hªº½×ÂI©M´µ»«¬¥²ïªºªx¯«½×ªº½×ÂI¡A¶¾¤ÍÄõ¶i¦Ó«ü¥X¡A¥Ñ©ó¡§³Ð¥Í¡¨ªº·§©À¤£¬O¥²¶·ªº¡A¡§¤W«Ò¡¨¤]¤£»Ý­n¡A¦]¬°¸Uª«²£¥Í¬O¤@ºØ¦ÛµMªº¹Lµ{¡]¶¾¤ÍÄõ¡A¡m²ø¤l¡n¡A­¶42¡B118¡Ð120¡^¡C
[14] ªñ¦~¡A³¯¹ªÀ³¥¿¹Á¸ÕÂXÁï¥L¹ï¹D®a­õ¾Ç©M¹D±Ð©v±Ð¥@¬ÉÆ[ªº¬ã¨s½d³ò¡A³£¦¬¿ý¦b14¥U¦³Ãö¹D®a¡B¹D±Ð¹ï¤å¤Æªº¼vÅTªºµÛ§@¤¤¡A¨Ã§ä¥X¡m©ö¸g¡nµùÄÀ©M¹D®a­õ¾ÇªºÃöÁp¡C¡]­nª`­nªº¬O¡A²Ä¤@¥»µÛ§@¤¤¡AÁö¶È«ü¹D®a¡A¦ý·í¤¤«o¦³«Ü¦hÃö©ó¹D±Ðªº¤å³¹¡A¦Ó¦b²Ä9¥U¤¤¤]¦³¤@¨t¦C¿ï¿è¦Û1994¦~¤@­Ó°Q½×¹D±Ð©M¹D®a°ÝÃDªº¬ã°Q·|ªº¤å³¹¡C¡^¦]¬°³o¨Ç¤å³¹¸ò¥L¹ï°ò·þ±Ðªº§åµû¨S¦³ª½±µªºÃö«Y¡A©Ò¥H¤£¦b³oùظԽ͡C°Ñ¬Ý³¯¹ªÀ³µÛ¡A¡m¹D®a¤å¤Æ¬ã¨s¡n¡]¤W®ü¡G¥jÂÇ¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1992¡^©M¡m©ö¶Ç»P¹D®a«ä·Q¡n<p.433>¡]¥_¨Ê¡G¤TÁp®Ñ©±¡A1996¡^¡C
[15] ÁöµM¥L¦³Ãö°ò·þ¡§·sµe¶H¡¨ªºµÛ§@¥Xª©®t¤£¦h¤w¸g30¦~¡A³o¥»µÛ§@©M¬ã¨s½d³ò¬Û¦Pªº¨ä¥L¤å¥»¡A¥H¤Î³¯¹ªÀ³¥H¡§¹D¡¨¬°¥DÃDªº¦h¶µ¬ã¨s³£¦h¦¸Ä~Äò¦b¥xÆW©M­»´ä¦Aª©¡C³¯¤ó¦ÛºÙ¬OµL¯«½×ªÌ¡A«ù¥§ªö©MÂįS¹ï©v±Ðªº§åµûºA«×¡A¥Î¤@ºØ¤£±`¨£ªº¤èªk§â¹D®a©M¦s¦b¥D¸qªº¥DÃDºî¦X°_¨Ó¡A¬J¨ã­Ó¤H­·®æ¡A¤S¨ã¤¤°ê©M²{¥Nªº¯SÂI¡Cµ²ªG¡A³¯¹ªÀ³ªº¼vÅT»P¤é­Ñ¼W¡A©Ò¥H¡A¥L¤Ï¹ï°ò·þ±Ð¥H¤Î°ò·þ±Ð«H¥õ©M²ß«Uªº¿W¯S½×ÂI¡A­È±o§ó¥[ª`·N¡C
[16] ¡m¼¯¦è¤­¸g¡n¤¤¥H¤Î·s¬ù¤¤°ò·þ©Ò¤ä«ùªº¤Q»|ªº­º¨â±ø»|«ß¡A³£§t¦³Ãö°¸¹³±R«ôªºÄµ§i°T®§¡C¦b¨â³B¤Q»|¥X²{ªº¦a¤è¡A°¸¹³±R«ôªº«áªG¬O¡§­C©MµØ¡¨¡§¥²°l°Q¥Lªº¸o¡A¦Û¤÷¤Î¤l¡Aª½¨ì¤T¥|¥N¡¨¡C©Ò¥H¡A±q¦³§Q©ó°ò·þ±ÐªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¡A³o·íµM²@µLºÃ°Ý¬O°ò·þ±Ð½èºÃ¦h¯«½×²ß«Uªº­«­n¾ÌÃÒ¡A¦Ó³o¨Ç¦h¯«½×²ß«U¥]¬A¤F±R·q¤Ñ¡B¦a¡B®ü¤¤¥H¥ô¦ó§Î¦¡¥X²{ªº§Î¶H¡C°Ñ¬Ý¡m¥X®J¤Î°O¡n20:3¡Ð4¡F¡m¥Ó©R°O¡n 5:7¡Ð8¡C
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[18] µ§ªÌ¹L¥hªº¸gÅç¡A´¿¬Ý¨£«H¥õ¦P¤Æ¼vÅT¤@­Ó¨ü¹L°ªµ¥±Ð¨|ªº¤kµØ¤H°ò·þ®{ªº¥Í¬¡¡CÁöµM¦o°¸µM¤~·|¨ìµ§ªÌ«e¥h±R«ôªº±Ð°ó¡A¦ý«o¸g±`«ÅºÙ¦Û¤v«H©^°ò·þ±Ð¡C³o­Ó¤k¤h¨ü«Ü¦h®a®x°ÝÃD§xÂZ¡A¦]¬°§Ú©M¦o¬OªB¤Í¡A©Ò¥H«O«ùÁpµ¸¡C«á¨Ó¡A±Ð°ó¬°¾Ç¥Í¦w±Æ¤F¨ìªþªñ¹DÆ[°ÑÆ[¡A¦o¤]ÀòÁܤ@¦P«e©¹¡A¥Øªº¬O§Æ±æÅý¦o©ñ¤U¤ß¤¤ºÃ¼{¡C¨ì¹F«á¡A§Úµoı¦o·È¨ì¾Ç¥Í¸s«á¡A¦b®ÇÃä¤@­Ó¯«÷൤F¤@¨Ç±R«ôªº¶Ç²Î»ö¦¡¡C«á¨Óµ§ªÌ¦V¦o°Ý¤Î¦¹¨Æ¡A¦o©Ó»{¬O§Æ±æ±o¨ì¤@¨ÇÃB¥~ªº¡§ÆF¬ÉªºÀ°§U¡¨¨Óº¡¨¬¦oªº»Ý­n¡A¾¨ºÞ¤£²M·¡¯à§_±o¨ìÀ°¦£¡A¦o¤´µM¤@¸Õ¡C
[19] ³o¬O§õ®a«Û¦bµÛ§@¤¤´¿§@ªº¹Á¸Õ¡A¥L¤ñ¸û¥H¤U¤TªÌªº²§¦P¡A§Y¥H¤T¼h¤Ñ¦a¸Uª«ªº¡§¤¸®ð¡¨¬°°ò¦ªº¤¯¡A¥H¯«¥»¥D¸q¬°°ò¦ªº·R¡A¥H¤Î±q¡§¼¯¦è¤Q»|¡¨µo®i¥X¨Óªº·R¡C±q¸û¼sªº¨¤«×¬Ý1935¦~¥H¨Ó¦³Ãö¡m¤Ó¥­¸g¡nªº¤åÄm¡A§õ®a«ÛªºµÛ§@«h¤Q¤À¬ð¥X¡A¬O°ß¤@§@¦¹Ãþ¤ñ¸ûªºµÛ§@¡]±o¾¤§Ó²KÃÒ¹ê¡^¡C
¡@¡@³o¨Ç¤åÄmªº¦~¥÷¨ÌµM¬O¾ÇªÌª§½×ªºµJÂI¡C¦b¾¤§Ó²K§Y±N¥Xª©¦³Ãö¹D±Ð©M¥ÍºA¾ÇªºµÛ§@¤¤¡A¥LÄÄÄÀ¡m¤Ó¥­¸g¡n¥i¯à¬OªFº~®É´Áªº¤åÄm¡A <p.434> ¦ý¦b§Î¦¡¤W¸ò¤½¤¸¤»¥@¬öªº¬ã¨s©w¥»ºIµM¤£¦P¡C´N·s¬ù¸t¸g¦Ó¨¥¡A½Z¨÷ªº¦Ò¾Ú¬ã¨sÄ~Äò§â·s¬ù¸t¸g¤j³¡¤Àªº¤é´Á±À«e¦Ü¤½¤¸¤@¥@¬ö¡A¸ò¶Ç²Îªº»¡ªk§k¦X¡C¥t¤@¤è­±¡A§ó¥[¿E¶iªº§åµûªÌ¥H¦Û¥Ñ¯«¾Ç²z½×©M¦­´ÁÄYÂÔªº¤å¥»¦Ò¾Ú¬ã¨s¬°°ò¦¡AÄ~Äò®i¶}ª§ÅG¡A«ü¥X³o¨Ç¤åÄm¤j¦hÄݤ½¤¸¤G¥@¬öªº§@«~¡C
[20] ¦b¤¤°ê¡B¦L«×¡B¬ü°êªº©v±Ð©M­õ¾Ç¶Ç²Î¤¤´M´M³V³V¦h¦~«á¡AªL»y°ó¦b«Å¥¬¦Û¤v¦^Âk°ò·þ±ÐªºµÛ§@¤¤¡A§â¡m¹D¼w¸g¡n²Ä67³¹¤¤ªº¡§¤TÄ_¡¨ªº§Î¶H«ü¬°¤¤°ê¦­´Á­ÒijÃþ¦ü°ò·þ±Ð¥DÃDªº©úÅã¨ÒÃÒ¡A¦ý¥L«o©ê«è³o­Ó¥DÃD¹ï¤@¯ë¦Ê©m©M¨ü¹L±Ð¨|ªºµØ¤HªººA«×»P¦æ¬°´X¥G¨S¦³µ·²@¼vÅT¡C°Ñ¬ÝªL»y°óµÛ¡AThe Pleasure of a Nonconformist¡A­¶69¡Ð73¡B 76¡Ð81¡A¥H¤ÎFrom Pagan to Christian¡A­¶107¡Ð147¡A¤×¨äª`·N­¶126¡Ð129¡C
[21] ³oùØ¡§¤ñ¸û¡¨¤@µü°²³]§@ªÌ¬O¬°¤FŪªÌ¦Ó¹B¥Î¤F¸àÄÀ©Êªº¤èªk¡CLoya©M¦ó¥úº­¼¶¼gªº¨ä¥LµÛ§@¤¤¡A´N°ò·þ®{©M¹D±Ð®{¥ß³õ´£¥X¤F¤£¦Pªº°ÝÃD¡A¦ý«o¨S¦³©ú½T¹ï¨âªÌ§@¥X¤ñ¸û¡A©Î¬°ÅªªÌ´£¥X¥ô¦óµù¸Ñ¡C
[22] ¡§¥»®Ú½×°ÝÃD¡¨¬O«H©^¾§®a¡B¹D±Ð¡B¦ò±Ð¡B°ò·þ±Ðªº¦U­Ó¥Nªí¦b¦ó¥úº­¡B³\§Ó°¶©Ò½sµÛ§@¤¤¡]­¶126©¹«á¡^°Q½×®É³Ì±`¨Ï¥Îªºµü·J¡C¾Ú§Ú©Òª¾¡A¡§Daology¡¨¡]¹DÅé½×¡^¤@µü¥ÑµØ¤H°ò·þ®{«ä·Q®a±ç¿P«°©Ò³Ð¡A¥L»P·s¾§®a¾ÇªÌ½²¤¯«p¡BµÛ¦W·s±Ðªª®v©PÁpµØ¤TªÌ¹ï¸ÜªºµÛ§@¡m·|³q»PÂà¤Æ¡n´£¥X¤F³o°ÝÃD¡A¦¹®Ñ¦b1985¦~©ó¥x¥_¥Xª©¡C
[23] ³oºØ­Û²z°ÝÃDªº°Q½×¥i¨£©ó§õ®a«Û¡B®}ªQ¥Û¡B³¯¹ªÀ³¡B²z¶®¦U¡]1981¡^¡BLoya¡B·¨´Ë´I¡B»·§Ó©úªº§@«~¡A¥H¤Î¤Õº~«ä¤Î¯³®a¼z¡B¦ó¥úº­¤Î³\§Ó°¶¤À§O¦XµÛªº§@«~¤¤¡C
[24] ÂįÁ³Ìªñ­×­q¥L¥þ­±¤¶²Ð¡§¤¤°ê©v±Ð¡¨ªºµÛ§@®É¡A±j½Õ¾Ç³N¬É©Ó»{ù°¨¤Ñ¥D±Ðªº¯«¯µ¬èë²ß«U¸ò¹D±Ð©M¤¤°ê¦ò±Ðªº¡§apophatic¡¨¡]¡§negative¡¨¡^©M¡§kenotic¡¨¡]¡§emptying¡¨¡^ÀqÃö¶Ç²Î¦³¡§Ãþ¦P¤§³B¡¨¡A¤w¦³¤@¬q¬Û·íªº®É¶¡¡C«Y¥á¥§­×¡]Pseudo-Dionysius¡^¡B¸t¯S¹pÂÄ¡]Teresa of Avila¡^¡B¸t¬ù¿«¡]John of the Cross¡^¡B·R§J«¢¯S¡]Meister Eckhardt¡^µÛ§@¤¤ªº§Î¶H¡A®iÅS¤F¦b¤W«Ò­±«e¬è릡­ß·Q¡þÀqÃö¤¤ªº¡§ÆF»îªº¶Â©]¡¨¡A´£¥X»P¹D±Ð¯«¯µ¥D¸qªÌ©Ò´y­zªºÃþ¦ü¸gÅ窺¤£®¯¤§³B¡CÁöµMÂįÁ§åµû¡§©x¤è±Ð·|²Õ´¡¨¦b¡§©Ó»{¡e³o¡f¹ï©v±Ð¶¡ªº¬èë©M¹ï¸Üªº·N¸q¡A¦æ°Ê½wºC¡¨¡A¦ý¤¤¥~¹D±Ð°é¤lùØ´X <p.435> ¥G¨S¦³¤H¬ã¨s³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡CÂįÁ±µ¨ü­C¿q·|°ö°V«á¤~À´±o³o¨Ç¨Ó¦Û§Æþ¤å¥H¤Îªí¥Ü°ò·þ±Ð¯«¯µ²ß«Uªº±Mªùµü·J¡A³o¨Çµü·J¦b¥L¡§Chinese Religions¡¨¤@¤å¤¤¬ã¨s¡§¤¤°êªº¯«¯µ¶Ç²Î¡¨¡]The Mystic Tradition in China¡^°ÝÃD¤@³¹ªº½g­º¥X²{¡C¦¹¤å¸ü©óJohn R. Hinnells½s¡A A New Handbook of Living Religions (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997)¡A­¶462¡Ð470¡C¥L´N³o¤è­±¹ï©v±Ð¶¡ªº¬èë©M¹ï¸Üªº­«­n©ÊªººëÅP§åµû¡A¨£©ó¦P¤@¤å³¹ªºµùÄÀ3¡A­¶474¡C
[25] °Ñ¬Ý¤Õº~«ä¤Î¯³®a¼zªº¤Þ¤å©M¸Ô²Ó°Q½×¡AChristianity and Chinese Religions¡A­¶149¡Ð150¡B160¡B163¡Ð167¡A¥H¤Î¦b»·§Ó©úµÛ¡A¡m¦Ñ¤l vs. ¸t¸g ¢w¢w ¸ó¶V®ÉªÅªºªï­Ô¡n¡A­¶204¡Ð232¡C
[26] ¹D±Ð©M°ò·þ±Ð¤§¶¡¦³«Ü¦h¦a¤è³£¥i§@¬°¦@¦P²ß«U©M´¶¹MªÀ·|Ãöª`°ÝÃD¨Ó°Q½×¡A¦ý½×ªÌÂA¦³³B²z³o¨Ç°ÝÃD¡C¥Ñ©ó¹ï¤HÅé©Ê½è¦³¤£¦P¬Ýªk¡A°Q½×®É¦b¤èªk½×¤W²£¥Í«Ü¦h°ÝÃD¡C¦]¦¹¡A°Q½×³o¨Ç°ÝÃD¤§«e¡A¥²¶·­º¥ý½×¤Î©v±Ð»P¬ì¾Ç¤HÃþ¾Ç¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡B¨­ÅéªvÀø©Ò¥ÎªºÂå¾Ç§Þ³N¡A¥H¤Î¨â­Ó¶Ç²Î¦b¤ßÆFªvÀø©M©v±Ð¦¨¼ô©Òªí²{ªººë¯«¬¡°Ê¡C
[27]

¥Ì©ö³{µÛ¡A§õ¦t¤§Ä¶¡A¡m¹D®a»P¹D±Ð¡n¡]¥x¥_¡R¥ú±Ò¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1989¡^¡A­¶140¡Ð142¡CRaguin³oùØ«üªº¬O¥L¦bRichard WilhelmªºÂ½Ä¶The Secret of the Golden Flower¡]¤¤¤å¥»¦W¬°¡m¤Ó¤Aª÷µØ©v¦®¡n¡^¤¤¬Ý¨ìªºÀqÃö§Þ¥©¡C¥t¤@­nª`·Nªº¬O¡A¡§Taoism¡¨¤@¯ë¥Î§@«ü¥j¥N¹D®a­õ¾Ç¡A¦Ó¡§Taoist religion¡¨«h«ü¤@¯ë©ÒºÙªº¡§¹D±Ð¡¨¡C¦³Ãö³o­Ó¥DÃDªº¨ä¥L¦^À³¡A°Ñ¦ÒRaguin¡§Non-Christian Spirituality can Deepen and Enrich our Christian Spirituality¡¨¤@¤å¡A¸üChing Feng 30:4 (12/1987)¡A­¶255¡Ð262¡C

[28] ¦³½×ªÌÁnºÙ¡§¹D¡¨¨S¦³¶W¶V©Ê¡A¨Ò¦pDavid Hall©M¦w¼Ö­õ¡]Roger T. Ames¡^¡C¥L­Ì·§¬AÁnºÙ¯³°ê²Î¤@«e¤¤°ê¶Ç²Î¡]±j½Õªº¬O¾§®a©M¹D±Ð¡^¦³Ãö¡§¹D¡¨ªºªí¹F¨S¦³·N¹Ï«ü¦V¶W¶V¸gÅç¥@¬É¤§¤W©M¥H¥~ªº¡§¶W¶Vªº¡¨½dÃ¥¡C°Ñ¬Ý¥L­Ì¦XµÛThinking through Confucius (Albany: SUNY Press, 1991)¡Q³o³¡µÛ§@¤w©ó1997¦~¥Xª©¤F¤¤¤åĶ¥»¡C¡§¹D¡¨¦³®É³Q«ü¬°µ¥¦P©ó¤Ó·¥©Î³±¶§¡]¥¿¦p¦b§õ¨ûÁÙ¥D½sªº¡m¹D±Ð¤jÃã¨å¡n¡]¤W®ü¡R®ý¦¿¥jÄy¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1989¡A­¶601¡^¤¤¹DÅé¤@µüªº¸ÑÄÀ¡^¡C¨ä¥L«h´N¹D®a­õ¾Ç¤å¥»¥H·¥ªøªº½g´T´y­z³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡C¦b¹D®a°é¤lùØ¡A¡§¹D¡¨¦³®É¬Oµ¹¯«¤Æ¤F¡Aµ¹½á <p.436> ¤©«ÂÄYªº©v±ÐºÙ¿×¡C
[29] ³o­Ó»¡ªk¨£©ó³¯¹ªÀ³ªº¦­´ÁµÛ§@¡m¦Ñ¤l¤µµù¤µÄ¶¤Îµû¤¶¡n¡A¥Ñ·¨¦³ºû¡]Rhett Y. W. Young¡^©M¦w¼Ö­õ§ï½s¸`Ķ¬°­^¤åµÛ§@Lao Tzu: Text, Notes, and Comments¡][Taipei]: Chinese Materials Centre, 1977¡^¡C¦³¨Ç¬Û¦Pªº¸ê®Æ¦b³¯¹ªÀ³ªñ¨Ó¥Xª©ªº¡m¦Ñ²ø·s½×¡n¤¤¸g¹L­«·s²Õ´¡Q¦³Ãö¡§¹D¡¨ªº©Ê½èªº¤Þ¤å¦b³o¥»µÛ§@¤¤ªº­¶5¡C¦P¼Ë¡A§d¦¼¶v°í«ù¡§¹D¡¨¬O¡§§Î¦Ó¤Wªº¹êÅ顨¡A¤£¥u¬O¡§µêºcªºªF¦è¡¨¡A°Ñ¬Ý§d¦¼¶vµÛ¡A¡q¦Ñ¤l­õ¾ÇªºµLªº·§©À¤§±´¨s¡r¡A­¶120¡Ð123¡C
[30] »·¤ó©Ò¦C¥Xªº¤CºØ¯S½è³Ìªì¥Hµù¸}§Î¦¡¥X²{¡]¡m¦Ñ¤l vs. ¸t¸g¡n¡A­¶51¡Ð52¡^¡A¥u¬O§â¦Ñ¤l¤¤¬ÛÃöªº¤å¥»³v¤@²¦C¥X¨Ó¡A«á¨Ó¦¨¬°¥LµÛ§@¤¤­º­Ó¥D­n³¡¤À¡A³oÂI¦bªþµù11¤¤¤w´£¤Î¡C
[31] §¹¥þ¬O¦]¬°³¯¹ªÀ³¦b¥LªºµÛ§@¤¤©ú½T¦a´£¥X³oºØ»¡ªk¡A·¨¦³ºû©M¦w¼Ö­õ§ï½s­^Ķ³¯¹ªÀ³¦­´ÁªºµÛ§@®É¡AÄ~Äò¥H¡§Being¡¨©M¡§Non-Being¡¨´y­z¥þ®Ñªº¡§¦³¡¨©M¡§µL¡¨¡C¦³®É³oºØ½Ķªºµ²ªG·|²£¥Í²V¶Ã¡A¤×¨ä¬O«ÅºÙ³o¨â­Ó¦³Ãö³sªº·§©À¡§¬J¤£¬O¤¬¬Û¹ï¥ß¤]¤£¬O¤¬¬Û¥Ù¬Þ¡¨ªº®É­Ô¡A¦]¬°±q¥j¥N§Æþ­õ¾Ç·§©Àªº­I´º¨Ó¾\Ū³o¨Çµü·J¡A³o¬Ý¨Ó¬O§¹¥þ¤£¯u½Tªº¡C¡]°Ñ¬ÝRhett Y. W. Young©M Roger T. Ames½Ķ¡AChen GuyingµÛ¡ALao Tzu: Text, Notes, and Comments¡A­¶7¡C¡^¦pRobert Neville³oÃþ°ò·þ±Ð¯«¾Ç®a¨Ï¥Î³oºØ¬f©Ô¹Ï¦¡ªº¦r²´¥h½Ķ¥j¥N¹D®a¤å¥»ªº³o¨Ç¤¤¤ßµü·J¡A¥H¡§ªF¤è¥D¸q¡¨¤èªk©Ò±o¸àÄÀ¤w¹y®É¦³©Ò°¾Â÷¡A±q¨Ó¨S¦³Ä¶¥X¹D±Ð¶Ç²Î¥»¨­ªº·N«ä¡C°Ñ¬ÝNeville ¦bBehind the Masks of God¤@®Ñ¤¤´£¤Îªº³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A­¶55¡Ð56¡B75¡Ð77¡CNeville¤j¥i¸òÀH³¯ºa±¶ªº°µªk¡A¥H«D¥»®Ú½×ªº¤è¦¡¾\Ū³o¨Çµü·J¡A¦ý¥L¨S¦³³o¼Ë°µ¡A¥H­P¤£©¾¤£¹ê¦a¸àÄÀ¹D±Ð¹ï¹êÅ骺²z¸Ñ¡A¤Q¤À¥i±¤¡C
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[32] °Ñ¬Ý¤Õº~«ä¤Î¯³®a¼zChristianity and Chinese Religions¡A­¶170¡Ð179¤¤ªº°Q½×¡C¤×¨ä­«­nªº¬O¡A¤Õº~«ä¦b³oùؤޥΰò·þ±Ð¯«¯µ¥D¸qªÌªºµÛ§@¡A±a¥X°ò·þ±Ð«ä·Q¸ò§Î¦Ó¤Wªº¡§¹D¡¨¡B¡§¹D¡¨ªº¡§Áô¦Ó¤£Å㡨¡A¥H¤Î¡§¹D¡¨§J <p.437> ªA¦³Ãö¥»¨­¦³­­«ä·Qªº¯à¤O¤T¤è­±¦³¨Ã¦æ¤£®¯¤§³B¡C§Y¨Ï¬O¹D±Ð©Î°ò·þ±Ðªº³oºØ¯«¯µ¥D¸q³£¤£¯à¡§¹ï°ò·þ±Ð¯«¾Ç°_­­¨î§@¥Î¡¨¡A¤Õº~«ä¤@¥Ú¤¤ªº¦aÁ`µ²»¡¡R¡§¥ô¦ó±¡ªp¤U¡A³o¥²©w­n§@¬°¤@ºØ©ú½TªºªÈ¥¿¡¨¡]­¶179¡^¡C
[33] ®}ªQ¥Û±q°ò·þ±Ðªº¨¤«×µû¦ô¤F³oºØ»¡ªkªºª§Ä³©Ê½è¡C¥L»{¬°¹D±Ð®{©¿²¤«U¥@¤¤¤HÃþªº¨¸´c·N§Ó¡A¥H­P§â¡§¿ù»~ªº¡¨¦ÛµMµ¥¦P©ó¯«³oÂIµLªk¬°¤H©Ò±µ¨ü¡C°Ñ¬Ý¡m°ò·þ±Ð»P¤¤°ê¤å¤Æ¡n¡A­¶352¡Ð354¡C´N³o­Ó¥D±i¡A³¯­z¥[¤W¹D±Ðªºµû½×¡A°Ý¬°¦ó¸t¸gªº¯«¹ï¨S¦³¿í¦u¯«¸tªk«ßªº¤Hµo«ã¡C¦b³¯¹ªÀ³ªº²´¤¤¡A¨¸´cªº°ÝÃD¸ò¤HÃþ¤£¤j¦³Ãö¡A¦Ó¬O¯«¥»¨­©Ê½èªº¤º³¡°ÝÃD¡A¤£ªA±q·|³B¥HÄY¼Fªº¦º¦D¡A¦Ó¦p¸t¸g¤Hª«¬ù§B¡]Job¡^©Ò¹J¨ìªº¤H¶¡­WÃø¡A¬O¯«©Ò¤¹³\ªº¡C§Ú­Ì¤£¤j²M·¡³¯¹ªÀ³§â¦¹µø¡§·¥Åv©v±Ð¡¨ªº¤º³¡°ÝÃD¡A§¹¥þ¤£¯à±µ¨ü¡AÁÙ¬O·í¤¤¤@¨Ç¤¸¯À¥i¥H³z¹L¡§¤H©Ê¤Æ¡¨¦Ó¥[¥H¿ï¾Ü´¬±ó¡CÁ|¨Ò»¡»¡¡A¥L¨S¦³´N³o­Ó¯ßµ¸´£¥X¡m²ø¤l¡n¦³Ãö¸g¾ú¯e¯f¦º¤`ªº¤HÃþ¡§©R¹B¡¨©Ò«ùªº¥t¤@ºØºA«×¡A¤S¨S¦³´£¥X¹D±Ð¹ï¤HÃþ¨¸´c·N§Ó¦s¦bªº¸ÑÄÀ¡C°Ñ¬Ý³¯¹ªÀ³µÛ¡m­C¿q·sµe¹³¡n¡A­¶3¡Ð33¡C°ò·þ±Ð¹ï³o¨Ç°ÝÃDªº¦^À³¡A¥ÑºÖ­µ¶Ç¹DªÌ¤ý®äÁn©M¯«¾Ç®a­ð¦ö¤§¦b«á¨ÓªºµÛ§@¤¤´£¥X¡A©ó1991¦~¦¬¿ý¦b³¯¹ªÀ³ªºµÛ§@¤¤¡A¨Ã¦b­»´ä¦Aª©¡A¦W¬°¡m¸t¸gªº§å§P»PÅGÅ@¡n¡A­¶15¡Ð42¡C
[34] ³o¼Ë¡A²z¶®¦U»â®©¨ì¡§¥j¥N¡¨¹D®a¨åÄy¤¤¡§kosmos¡¨ªº¥t¤@­Ó¸ÑÄÀ¡A³oºØ¸ÑÄÀ¸ò¬Y¨Ç¹D±Ð¤å¥»¤¤¯«¤Æ¤Fªº¡§¹D¡¨¤£¦P¡A¤S¦³§O©ó»P¥L¦P®É´Á¤Hª«»C²z«ä¡]Herbert Giles¡^¹ï¨ä¥L³N»y¡]¨Ò¦p¡§¤Ñ¡¨ªº¯«¾Ç¸ÑÄÀ¡^¡C²z¶®¦U1883¦~­º¦¸«ü¥X³oÂI¡A«á©ó1891¦~¥[¨ì¥L¡m¹D®a¨åÄy¡nªº¥¿¦¡§Ç¨¥ùØ¡C¥¿¦pGirardot³Ìªñ«ü¥X¡A§Y¨Ï¥L¥H¤j­P¬Û¦Pªº¤ÀÃþ¤èªk§â¹D®a­õ¾Ç®a±q¹D±ÐªÅ·Q®a¤¤°Ï¤À¥X¨Ó¡A¦ý¥L¨S¦³¥ß¨è¸òÀH¯«¾ÇªºÁͶաA³o¼Ë¥O²z¶®¦U¦¨¬°¡§º~¾ÇªF¤è¥D¸q¡¨¤Wªº¹L´ç¤Hª«¡C¥i¬O¡AGirardot¨S¦³«ü¥X¡A²z¶®¦U¬O¸òÀH¾§®a¾ÇªÌªººD¨Ò¦Ó§@¤W­z°Ï¤À¡C§Ú­Ì·|¦b¤U­±¸ÔºÉ°Q½×³o­Ó´¶¹Mªº°ÝÃD¡C°Ñ¬Ý²z¶®¦UĶ¡AThe Sacred Books of China: The Texts of Taoism, Part V (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1891) ­¶16¡Ð19¡B21©MGirardotµÛ¡A¡§Finding the way: James Legge and the Victorian Invention of Taoism¡¨¡A­¶11¡Ð112¡B114¡Ð116¡C
[35] <p.438> ±i¶©·Ë¦b¸àÄÀªº½dÃ¥¤Wµo®i¹L³o­Ó¤èªk¡A¦ý«o¬O¥ÑKhoo Kay Keng©MYang Zhiming±ÀÂ_¨ì°ò·þ±ÐÃö¤ßªº¯«¾Ç°ÝÃD¤W¡CKhooªº¨â¥»µÛ§@¤¤°Ï§O³o¨Çµü·Jªº¼s¸qªº¯«¾Ç©M­õ¾Ç·§©À¡A¤×¨ä¬O¸òÅÞ¦U´µ¶Ç²Î¦h­Ó¨ä¥L¸àÄÀªºÃö«Y¡A¦b°ò·þ±Ð¼á²M³o¨Ç°ÝÃD¤W¡A¸ó¶i¤F¤@¤j¨B¡C¼B¤p·¬¥D½sªº¤å¶°½T©w³o­ÓÁͶլO¦b¦­´Á°ò·þ±Ð­ÒijªÌªº¹w´Á¤§¤º¡F Khoo©MYang¦b¨ä«á¨ÓµÛ§@¤¤©ú½T¤Þ­z¨ì¬ù¿«ºÖ­µªºÅÞ¦U´µ¡A¦ý¼B¤p·¬½s­qªº¤å¶°¤¤Á§߶®¡B±i¤l¤¸©M¨ä¥Lªº½×ªÌ§ó¦­½×¤Î³o­Ó¥DÃD¡C°Ñ¬Ý¼B¤p·¬¥D½s¡A¡m¹D»P¨¥¡n¡A­¶338¡Ð371¡B409¡Ð449¡C
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[37] ¤Þ¤å¥X¦Û¡m©s¤l¡nªº1A³¹²Ä4¸`¡C¦¹¤Þ¤å´£¤Î¤Õ¤l³d½|¤@¦W²ÎªvªÌ¡A¦]¬°¥L¥H®I¸®¤H¹³§@¬°¤é«á§â¤H¬¡¬¡¦a»P«ÍÅé¤@¦P®I¸®ªº¸ÕÅç¡A¤Õ¤l»{¬°³o¬O®£©Æ¤£¤H¹Dªº»ö¦¡¡C¦ó¶iµ½©Ò¹B¥Î¹D¼w­ì«h¡A©úÅã¶W¶V¤F¡m©s¤l¡n­ì¦³ªº¥Øªº¡A¦ý«o¥i¥HÅý¾\Ū¾§¾Ç¨åÄyªº¾Ç¥Í¦b¸àÄÀ³o³¹¸`®É¡A¦³¾÷·|´£¥X½èºÃ¡AÁקK¹B¥Î³oºØ¤èªk¡C°£¦¹¤§¥~¡A¤Õ¤lªí¥Ü³o¤@ºØ¤H¤£·|¬¡¨ì¬Ý¨£¦Û¤vªº¤l®]«á¥N¡AÅãµM¬O¤@ºØ­V¨èªº®£À~¡A³oÂI¸ò¸t¸g¤Q»|ªº²Ä¤G»|¡]Á¿¤Î°¸¹³±R«ôªº¤@±ø¡^¤¤´£¨ì«á¥N·|¾D¨ü¡§¯ª¥ý¸o¦æªº¤Ñ»@¡¨´X¥G¨S¦³¨â¼Ë¡C°Ñ¦Ò¦ó¶iµ½µÛ¡A¡m¤Q»|¸àÄÀ¡n¡A­¶4¡C
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[41] §Y¨Ï³¯¹ªÀ³¤w¸g¥H§å§Pªº²´¥ú¬ã¨s¹L¸t¸g¤ºªº³¹¸`¡A¥L¨S¦³¹³¹ï¬ã¨s¹D®a¤å¥»¤@¼Ë¡A¹ï¸t¸g¤å¥»´£¥X¬Û¦P¦³¨£¦a¾Ç³Nªº½×ÂI¤Î«ù¦P±¡ªººA«×¡C³o¥i¯à¬O¦]¬°¥L©ó1960¦~¥N¼¶¼g¥Lªì´ÁªºµÛ§@®ÉÁ٫ܦ~«C¡A©Ò¥H¹ï·í®ÉµØ¤H°ò·þ®{ªº¤@¨Ç·¥ºÝºA«×«ù¤Ï¹ï¥ß³õ¡C«á¨Ó¡A¥L»{¬°¦Û¤v¦b­Û²z¤W¦³³d¥ô¥h¬D¾Ô¥L»{¬°¬O¤£¹D¼wªº¦æ¬°¡C³o­Ó°µªk¬O­È±oºÙÆgªº¡A¦ý§Ú­Ì¤]§Æ±æ¬Ý¨ì¥L³B²z°ò·þ±Ð¨åÄy®É¡AºA«×«ê·í«ù¥­¡C¥L¥u¹ï¬Y¨Ç³¹¸`§@¦y¨èªº§åµû¡A¨S¦³¹Á¸Õ¹ï°ò·þ±ÐªºÆ[ÂI§@¥X¤Ï«ä¡C¥i¬O¡A¥Lªº°µªk«o¦³¥¿­±ªº§@¥Î¡A´N¬OÅã¥Ü¥X¤@¨Ç²{¥N¤¤°ê¾ÇªÌ¦p¦ó´N¥L­Ì¥H¬°¬O¸t¸g©Ò§tªº«H®§§@¥X¦^À³¡A³o¬O­«­nªº¤¤°ê¤å¤Æªí¹F§Î¦¡¡A¦b³o­Ó¼h­±¤W­È±o²`¤J¤Ï«ä¡C
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[42] ¦³Ãö·s¬ù¸t¸gªº¾ú¥v°ÝÃD¡A§Y³Ì²×´£¥X§â·s¬ùªº¶Ç²Î²z¸Ñ¬°±Ò¥Ü¤å¥»¡AF. F. Bruce¦b¨ä¼vÅT²`»·ªºµÛ§@The New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable?¡]Downers Grove: Inervarsity Press, 1960¡A«á¨Ó¦Aª©¡^¤¤¡A¹ï³o­Ó°ÝÃD´£¥X¤F·¥¦³¾\Ū»ù­Èªº°Q½×¡A¥Lªº³o¥»µÛ§@©ó²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ô«á¤£¤[¼g¦¨¡A¦Û¦¹§ó¦Aª©¤Q¼Æ¦¸¤§¦h¡C¦¹®Ñ¤]¦³¤¤¤åĶ¥»¡A¦W¬°¡m·s¬ù¤å¥ó¥i¾a¶Ü¡H¡n¡]­»´ä¡G¤Ñ¹D®Ñ¼Ó¡A1979¡^¡C
[43] ³¯¹ªÀ³µ¥·í¥N¹D®a¾ÇªÌ¦b³oùضɦV¾\Ū³o¨Ç¤å¥»¬°°ß¤@ªº¤HÃþ­õ¾Ç±´¯Á¡A¦Ó«Ü¦h¹D±Ð«H®{«h°íºÙ¥L­Ì¨ã¦³©v±Ð¤WªºÅv¤O¡A¦]¬°¥L­Ìªº¨åÄy¬O¨ü¨ì°ªµ¥¯«ÆF±Ò¥Ü¼g¦¨ªº¡C¥Ñ©óµ§ªÌ¥¼¦³¾÷·|²Ó¾\¦³Ãö³¢©±³Ì <p.440> ªñµo²{ªº°Q½×¡A²{®É³oÂI³Ì¦nÁÙ¬O¤£­n¦A¶i¤@¨B°Q½×¡C«á¨Ó©ó°¨¤ý°ï¦Ò¥jµo±¸¥X¨Óªº¦Ñ¤lª©¥»¡A²{¤w¸û¬°¸û©ö§â³o­Óª©¥»¸ò¼Ð·Ç¡m¹D¼w¸g¡n§@¤@¤ñ¸û¡A¦]¬°³o¤è­±ªº¾Ç³NµÛ§@¤w¸g¤½¶}¡]°Ñ¬Ý¼B·µÀï©MMoller¡^¡C³Ìªñµo²{¦³¤T­Ó³¢©±¦Ñ¤lª©¥»¡A³£¬O§ó¦­ªº´Áª©¥»¡A©Ò¥H¥²·|¨ë¿E°_´N¡m¦Ñ¤l¡n¤å¥»©Ê½è·s¤@½üªº¾Ç³N¤Ï«ä¡C¥i¬O¡A­È±o«ü¥Xªº¬O¡AªL»y°ó¹ï¹D®a¤å¥»ªº¾ãÅé§åµû¤èªk©Ò§@¥Xªº§åµû¡]E¡A­¶114¡Ð117¡^¡CªL¤ó´N©Ò¦³Ãö¥G³o¨Ç¡§«D±`±M·~¡¨©M¡§¦³¶É¦V©Êªº¡¨²z½×¡§½æ§Ë¾Ç°Ý¡¨¡A´£¥X¤F«D±`¦y¨èªº§åµû¡C·í®É¬O1950¦~¥½¡AªL»y°óÄYÂÔ°Q½×³o¨Çª§ÅGªº¥i½èºÃ»ù­È¡A¥»¨­»Ý­nÄYµÂ³B²z¡C¥i¬O¡AªL»y°óªº§åµû¼g©ó°¨¤ý°ï©M³¢©±ª©¥»µo²{¤§«e¡A©Ò¥H¡A­È±o²`«äªº¬O¡AªL»y°ó·|¤£·|Ä@·N§ïÅÜ¥L¹ï³o¨Çµo²{ªº­«­n©Êªº¬Ýªk¡A¦Ü¤Ö¦b»P¡m¹D¼w¸g¡n¤å¥»¦³Ãö«Yªº½dÃ¥¤W¡H¥L·|«ç¼Ë½×¤Î¦³Ãö¡m²ø¤l¡n¤å¥»ªº¡§¤å¥»§å§P¡¨ºA«×¡H³oÂI¤]­È±o±´¨s¡C
[44] °Ñ¬Ý¤Õº~«ä¦bChristianity and China Religionsªº°Q½×¡A­¶187¡Ð193¡C
[45] ³o¨Ç§@ªÌ¤¤¨S¦³¤@­Ó°Q½×¹L½T»{³o¨â¥»µÛ§@¤¤¨Ã¦æ¤£®¯¤§³Bªº°ÝÃD¡A©Ò¥H³oùتº«Øij¥u¬O®Ú¾Úµ§ªÌ¦Û¤v¹ï¤å¥»ªº¾\Ū¦Ó´£¥X¡C°K¨B¨ÎµÛ§@¤¤ªº¦n©_ªºªí²{¬O¥t¤@­ÓÅã¥Ü¹L´¿¦³³o­Ó·N¹Ïªº¼vÅT¡C°K¨B¨Îªº¹D®a¨åÄy¤Þ¤å©M¶°ª`ÁöµMºë½T¡A¦ý¥L¤Þ­z¸t¸g©Î±q¨ä¥L¦a¤è­É¥Î¯«¾Ç·§©À®É¡A«o¬Æ¤Öªþ¤Wºë½Tªº¤Þ¤å¥X³B¡A©Ò¥H¡AÁ|¨Ò»¡¡A¥L´£¨ì°ò·þªº¡§¤T­«Â¾¥÷¡¨¡A¥L·|¤Þ­zCalvin´N¡§¥ýª¾¡B¯«¤÷¡B¤W«Ò¡¨©Ò§@ªº°Ï¤À¡A¸ÔºÉ¦a»P¹D±Ð¸t½åÃþ¦üªº¡§¨¤¦â¡¨¤ñ¸û¡A¦ý«o¨S¦³´£¤ÎCalvin¡C©Ò¥H¡A¥L¹ï°ò·þ±Ð¥DÃDªº¤Ï«ä¡A¥ç¥i¯à¬O±q¨ä¥L¨S¦³¦C©úªº¸ê®Æ¦Ó±o¨Ó¡C°Ñ¬Ý°K¨B¨ÎµÛ¡A¡m¡q¦Ñ¤l¡r»P°ò·þ¡n¡]¥_¨Ê¡G¤¤°êªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1997¡^¡A­¶31¡Ð34¡C
[46] Chwen Jiuan A[gnes] Lee ©MThomas G. Hand¦XµÛ¡A A Taste of Water: Christianity through Taoist-Buddhist Eyes (New York: Paulist Press, 1990)¡A­¶67¡CAgnes Lee¥H­^¤å¼¶¼g³ò¶¹D±Ð¥DÃDªº¤å³¹±`¨£©óChing Feng¡A¦ý³o³¡µÛ§@¦ü¥G¬O¦o«H©À¤§¶¡¹ê½î©M»P¦ò±Ð©M¹D±Ð¤å¥»©M¤Hª«¹ï¸Üªº½÷·×¦¨ÁZ¡C
[47] ³o­Ó¤å¥»¥H´Â¸t¬¡°Ê¬°ÂÅ¥»¡A¥H²Ä¤@¨­¤HºÙ¤Î¹ï¤å¾Çªº¯S§O¤Ñ¥÷©Ò¼¶¼g¡A¨Ã¬°¾Ç³N¬ÉªºÅªªÌ´£¨Ñ¥þ­±¥J²ÓªºµùÄÀ¡C
[48] ³o­Ó°ÝÃD³Ìªì¥Ñµ§ªÌ¦P¨ÆNorman Girardot¦Vµ§ªÌ´£¥X¡A¹L¥h¤»¡B¤C¦~¨Ó <p.441> ³o­Ó°ÝÃD¹ï§Ú¤é¯q­«­n¡C³Ìªñ¡A¥Lµoªí¤F¤@½g¤å³¹¡A´£¨ì²z¶®¦UÀ³¸Ó¹ï¡§º~¾ÇªF¤è¥D¸q¡¨ªºµo®i­t³d¡A¦Ó¨S¦³´£¥X²z¶®¦U¬O«Ü¦Ûı¦a¸òÀH¾§®a¶Ç²ÎºD¨Ò¡CGirardot ©M¨ä¥L¹D±Ð¾ÇªÌ¥i¯à¤]¤£¦P·N³o¨Ç¤¤°êªººD¨Ò¡A©Ò¥H¡A¤£ºÞ«ç¼Ë¡A³o¨Ç¹ï²z¶®¦U´£¥Xªº§åµû¦ü¥G¬O¤£«ê·íªº¡A¤×¨ä¬O¦Ò¼{¨ì¥L¹ï²z¶®¦U¡§ªF¤è¥D¸qªº³Ð³y¡¨ªº§åµû¡A·í¤¤§¹¥þ¨S¦³´£¹L²z¶®²M·¡¤F¸Ñ·í¦a³o¨ÇºD¨Ò¡A¦Ó¥B¬O¥L¦Û¤v¦Ûı¦a¬D¿ïªº¡C°Ñ¬ÝN. J. GirardotµÛ¡A¡§Finding the way: James Legge and the Victorian Invention of Taoism¡¨¤@¤å¡C
¡@¡@²z¶®¦U­É¥Î¤F¥L½Ķ©Mµû»ùªº¾§®a¶Ç²Îªº¸àÄÀ©ÊÆ[ÂI¡A¥]¬A²M·¡°Ï¤À¹D®a©M¹D±Ð¨â­Ó½dÃ¥¡C®Ú¾Ú³o­Ó¥ý¨Ò¡A¥L¬°­^¬üŪªÌ¡§³Ð³y¡¨¤F¹D®a­õ¾Ç®a©M¹D±Ðªº¤À§O¡A°í¨M¦a§â«eªÌÂkÃþ¨ì¡§¥j¥N¨åÄy¡¨¡A¦Ó§â«áªÌ¦C¬°§OªºµÛ§@Ãþ§O¡C³oºØ°Ï§O³z¹L²z¶®¦U¹ï¡m¹D¼w¸g¡n©M¡m²ø¤l¡nªºÂ½Ä¶¦Ó¡§ªk¨å¤Æ¡¨¡A³o¨â³¡¹D®a¨åÄyªº­^Ķ¥»¦¬¿ý¦bF. Max Muller©Ò½s¡mªF¤è¸t®Ñ¡n¡]1891¡^¡C
[49] Kohn¦b¦oªº¤å³¹ùØ¡A´y­z¤F­õ¾ÇµÛ§@»P¹D±Ð¨åÄy¤¬¬Û¼vÅT©M¦@¦sªº¥|ºØ¤£¦P¤èªk¡C°Ñ¬ÝLivia KohnµÛ¡A¡§Philosophy as Scripture in the Taoist Canon¡¨¡A¸üJournal of Chinese Religions 20¡]1992¬î¡^¡A­¶61¡Ð76¡C
 

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§õ®a«ÛµÛ¡J¡m ¡q¤Ó¥­¸g¡r»P¡q¸t¸g¡r­Û²z«ä·Q¤§¤ñ¸û¡n¡A¸ü ¡m©v±Ð¾Ç¬ã¨s¡n¡A²Ä3¡Ð4´Á¡]1989¦~¡^¡A­¶1¡Ð6¡C

§õ¾i¥¿µÛ¡J¡m·í¥N¤¤°ê¹D±Ð¡n¡A¥_¨Ê¡J¤¤°êªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¥Xª©¡A1993¡C

¦ó¥úº­¡B³\§Ó°¶¥D½s¡J¡m¹ï¸Ü¡G¾§ÄÀ¹D»P°ò·þ±Ð¡n¡A¥_¨Ê¡JªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¤åÃÀ¥Xª©¡A1998¡C

¦ó¶iµ½µÛ¡J¡m¤Q»|¸àÄÀ¡n¡A¡e­»´ä¤Î¼s¦{¡J c. 1855¡f

ªL»y°óµÛ ­J¯¶³Ä¶ ¡m«H¥õ¤§®È ¢w¢w½×ªF¦è¤èªº­õ¾Ç»P©v±Ð¡n¡A¥x¥_¡J¹DÁn¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1976¡C

°K¨B¨ÎµÛ¡J¡m¦Ñ¤l»P°ò·þ¡n¡A¥_¨Ê¡J¤¤°êªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1997¡C

<p.445> ¯³®aÅt¡A¤Õº~«äµÛ¡A§dµØĶ¡A¡m¤¤°ê©v±Ð»P¦è¤è¯«¾Ç¡n¡A­»´ä¡JÁp¸g¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1989¡C

®}ªQ¥ÛµÛ¡J¡m°ò·þ±Ð»P¤¤°ê¤å¤Æ¡n¡A­»´ä¡J®û«H·|¥Xª©¡A1976¡A²Ä¥|ª©¡F1962¡A²Ä¤@ª©¡C

®}ªQ¥ÛµÛ¡J¡m°ò·þ²´ùتº¤¤µØ¥Á±Ú ¡]©v±Ð¤ñ¸û¾Ç¬ã¨s¡^¡n ¡]¤W¡B¤U¡^¡A­»´ä¡J®û«H·|¥Xª©¡A1974¡C

³¯¤ä¥­¤Î§õ¤Ö©úµÛ¡A¡m°ò·þ±Ð»PºÖ«Ø¥Á¶¡ªÀ·|¡n¡A·Hªù¡J·Hªù¤j¾Ç¡A1992¡C

³¯¹ªÀ³µÛ¡A¡m¦Ñ²ø·s½×¡n¡A­»´ä¡J¤¤µØ®Ñ§½¡A1991¡C

³¯¹ªÀ³µÛ¡A¡m­C¿q·sµe¹³¡n¡A­»´ä¡J¤¤µØ®Ñ§½¡A1991¡Aªìª© 1970¡C

³¯¹ªÀ³µÛ¡A¡m¸t¸gªº§å§P»PÅGÅ@¡n¡A¥x¥_¡J¤j¾ÇÂø¥Z¡A1970¡A ­»´ä¡J1991¡C

»·§Ó©úµÛ¡J¡m¦Ñ¤l vs. ¸t¸g¢w¢w¸ó¶V®ÉªÅªºªï­Ô¡n¡A¥x¥_¡J¦t©z¥ú¡A1996¡C

·¨´Ë´IµÛ¡J¡m¤¤°ê­·¤g»P°ò·þ±Ð«H¥õ¡n¡A°ª¶¯¡J¤Ñ±Ò¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1984¡C

¼B¤Ö·¬¥D½s¡J¡m¹D»P¨¥¢w¢wµØ®L¤å¤Æ»P°ò·þ¤å¤Æ¬Û¹J¡n¡A¤W®ü¡J¤TÁp®Ñ©±¡A1995¡C

Á§߶®µÛ¡J¡m¤¤°ê¤T±Ðªº¦@¦P¥»½è¡n¡A­»´ä¡J°ò·þ±Ð¤¤°ê©v±Ð¤å¤Æ¬ã¨sªÀ¡A1966¡C

Á§߶®µÛ¡J¡m°ò·þ±Ð»P¤¤°ê«ä·Q¡n¡A­»´ä¡J°ò·þ±Ð¤åÃÀ¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1971¡C
 

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¡e¬ü¡f«n¼Ö¤sµÛ¡A¨¯©¥¤Î§õµMĶ¡J¡m¦b¤W«Ò­±¨ãªº­I«á¢w¢w¾§¹D»P°ò·þ±Ð¡n¡A¥_¨Ê¡JªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¤åÃÀ¥Xª©¡A1999¡C

¶À¥üº~¤Î¾HÞm©úµÛ¡J¡m­»´ä¹D±Ð¡n¡A¸ü¡m¥@¬É©v±Ð¬ã¨s¡n ¡A1991¦~3¤ë¡A²Ä43´Á¡A­¶133¡Ð142¡C

¾H¬õÁ¢µÛ¡J¡m±q²V¨P¨ì©M¿Ó¢w¢w¾§¹D²z·Q»P¤å¤Æ¬yÅÜ¡n¡AªZº~¡J´ò¥_¤H¥Á¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1998¡C

¾¤§Ó²KµÛ¡J¡m¸Õµû¤¤°ê¾ÇªÌÃö©ó¡q¤Ó¥­¸g¡r ªº¬ã¨s¡n¡A¸ü¡m¤¤°ê¤å¤Æ¬ã¨s©Ò¾Ç³ø¡n¡A²Ä5´Á
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